local m_headword = require("Module:headword")
local m_utilities = require("Module:utilities")
local m_links = require("Module:links")
local ar_translit = require("Module:ar-translit")
local ar_utilities = require("Module:ar-utilities")
local ar_nominals = require("Module:ar-nominals")
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ar")
local curtitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().fullText
local yesno = require("Module:yesno")
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local rmatch = mw.ustring.match
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local usub = mw.ustring.sub
local ulen = mw.ustring.len
local u = mw.ustring.char
-- don't display i3rab in nominal forms (verbal nouns, participles)
local no_nominal_i3rab = true
local export = {}
-- Within this module, conjugations are the functions that do the actual
-- conjugating by creating the parts of a basic verb.
-- They are defined further down.
local conjugations = {}
-- hamza variants
local HAMZA = u(0x0621) -- hamza on the line (stand-alone hamza) = ء
local HAMZA_ON_ALIF = u(0x0623)
local HAMZA_ON_W = u(0x0624)
local HAMZA_UNDER_ALIF = u(0x0625)
local HAMZA_ON_Y = u(0x0626)
local HAMZA_ANY = "[" .. HAMZA .. HAMZA_ON_ALIF .. HAMZA_UNDER_ALIF .. HAMZA_ON_W .. HAMZA_ON_Y .. "]"
local HAMZA_PH = u(0xFFF0) -- hamza placeholder
-- diacritics
local A = u(0x064E) -- fatḥa
local AN = u(0x064B) -- fatḥatān (fatḥa tanwīn)
local U = u(0x064F) -- ḍamma
local UN = u(0x064C) -- ḍammatān (ḍamma tanwīn)
local I = u(0x0650) -- kasra
local IN = u(0x064D) -- kasratān (kasra tanwīn)
local SK = u(0x0652) -- sukūn = no vowel
local SH = u(0x0651) -- šadda = gemination of consonants
local DAGGER_ALIF = u(0x0670)
local DIACRITIC_ANY_BUT_SH = "[" .. A .. I .. U .. AN .. IN .. UN .. SK .. DAGGER_ALIF .. "]"
-- Pattern matching short vowels
local AIU = "[" .. A .. I .. U .. "]"
-- Pattern matching short vowels or sukūn
local AIUSK = "[" .. A .. I .. U .. SK .. "]"
-- Pattern matching any diacritics that may be on a consonant
local DIACRITIC = SH .. "?" .. DIACRITIC_ANY_BUT_SH
-- Suppressed UN; we don't show -un i3rab any more, but this can be changed to show it
local UNS = no_nominal_i3rab and "" or UN
local dia = {a = A, i = I, u = U}
-- various letters and signs
local ALIF = u(0x0627) -- ʾalif = ا
local AMAQ = u(0x0649) -- ʾalif maqṣūra = ى
local AMAD = u(0x0622) -- ʾalif madda = آ
local TAM = u(0x0629) -- tāʾ marbūṭa = ة
local T = u(0x062A) -- tāʾ = ت
local HYPHEN = u(0x0640)
local N = u(0x0646) -- nūn = ن
local W = u(0x0648) -- wāw = و
local Y = u(0x064A) -- yā = ي
local S = "س"
local M = "م"
local LRM = u(0x200e) -- left-to-right mark
-- common combinations
local AH = A .. TAM
local AT = A .. T
local AA = A .. ALIF
local AAMAQ = A .. AMAQ
local AAH = AA .. TAM
local AAT = AA .. T
local II = I .. Y
local IY = II
local UU = U .. W
local AY = A .. Y
local AW = A .. W
local AYSK = AY .. SK
local AWSK = AW .. SK
local NA = N .. A
local NI = N .. I
local AAN = AA .. N
local AANI = AA .. NI
local AYNI = AYSK .. NI
local AWNA = AWSK .. NA
local AYNA = AYSK .. NA
local AYAAT = AY .. AAT
local UNU = "[" .. UN .. U .. "]"
local MA = M .. A
local MU = M .. U
--------------------
-- Utility functions
--------------------
-- "if not empty" -- convert empty strings to nil; also strip quotes around
-- strings, to allow embedded spaces to be included
local function ine(x)
if x == nil then
return nil
elseif rfind(x, '^".*"$') then
local ret = rmatch(x, '^"(.*)"$')
return ret
elseif rfind(x, "^'.*'$") then
local ret = rmatch(x, "^'(.*)'$")
return ret
elseif x == "" then
return nil
else
return x
end
end
-- true if array contains item
local function contains(tab, item)
for _, value in pairs(tab) do
if value == item then
return true
end
end
return false
end
-- append array to array
local function append_array(tab, items)
for _, item in ipairs(items) do
table.insert(tab, item)
end
end
-- append to array if element not already present
local function insert_if_not(tab, item)
if not contains(tab, item) then
table.insert(tab, item)
end
end
-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
function rsub(term, foo, bar)
local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval
end
local function links(text, face, id)
if text == "" or text == "?" or text == "—" or text == "—" then --mdash
return text
else
return m_links.full_link({lang = lang, term = text, tr = "-", id = id}, face)
end
end
local function tag_text(text, tag, class)
return m_links.full_link({lang = lang, alt = text, tr = "-"})
end
function track(page)
require("Module:debug").track("ar-verb/" .. page)
return true
end
function reorder_shadda(word)
-- shadda+short-vowel (including tanwīn vowels, i.e. -an -in -un) gets
-- replaced with short-vowel+shadda during NFC normalisation, which
-- MediaWiki does for all Unicode strings; however, it makes various
-- processes inconvenient, so undo it.
word = rsub(word, "(" .. DIACRITIC_ANY_BUT_SH .. ")" .. SH, SH .. "%1")
return word
end
-- synthesize a frame so that exported functions meant to be called from
-- templates can be called from the debug console.
function debug_frame(parargs, args)
return {args = args, getParent = function() return {args = parargs} end}
end
---------------------------------------
-- Properties of different verbal forms
---------------------------------------
-- no longer supported
--local numeric_to_roman_form = {
-- ["1"] = "I", ["2"] = "II", ["3"] = "III", ["4"] = "IV", ["5"] = "V",
-- ["6"] = "VI", ["7"] = "VII", ["8"] = "VIII", ["9"] = "IX", ["10"] = "X",
-- ["11"] = "XI", ["12"] = "XII", ["13"] = "XIII", ["14"] = "XIV", ["15"] = "XV",
-- ["1q"] = "Iq", ["2q"] = "IIq", ["3q"] = "IIIq", ["4q"] = "IVq"
--}
--
---- convert numeric form to roman-numeral form
--local function canonicalize_form(form)
-- return numeric_to_roman_form[form] or form
--end
local allowed_forms = {"I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX",
"X", "XI", "XII", "XIII", "XIV", "XV", "Iq", "IIq", "IIIq", "IVq"}
local function form_supports_final_weak(form)
return form ~= "XI" and form ~= "XV" and form ~= "IVq"
end
local function form_supports_geminate(form)
return form == "I" or form == "III" or form == "IV" or
form == "VI" or form == "VII" or form == "VIII" or form == "X"
end
local function form_supports_hollow(form)
return form == "I" or form == "IV" or form == "VII" or form == "VIII" or
form == "X"
end
local function form_probably_impersonal_passive(form)
return form == "VI"
end
local function form_probably_no_passive(form, weakness, past_vowel, nonpast_vowel)
return form == "I" and weakness ~= "hollow" and contains(past_vowel, "u") or
form == "VII" or form == "IX" or form == "XI" or form == "XII" or
form == "XIII" or form == "XIV" or form == "XV" or form == "IIq" or
form == "IIIq" or form == "IVq"
end
local function form_is_quadriliteral(form)
return form == "Iq" or form == "IIq" or form == "IIIq" or form == "IVq"
end
-- Active forms II, III, IV, Iq use non-past prefixes in -u- instead of -a-.
function prefix_vowel_from_form(form)
if form == "II" or form == "III" or form == "IV" or form == "Iq" then
return "u"
else
return "a"
end
end
-- true if the active non-past takes a-vowelling rather than i-vowelling
-- in its last syllable
function form_nonpast_a_vowel(form)
return form == "V" or form == "VI" or form == "XV" or form == "IIq"
end
---------------------------------------------------
-- Radicals associated with various irregular verbs
---------------------------------------------------
-- Form-I verb أخذ or form-VIII verb اتخذ
local function axadh_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3)
return rad1 == HAMZA and rad2 == "خ" and rad3 == "ذ"
end
-- Form-I verb whose imperative has a reduced form: أكل and أخذ and أمر
local function reduced_imperative_verb(rad1, rad2, rad3)
return axadh_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3) or rad1 == HAMZA and (
rad2 == "ك" and rad3 == "ل" or
rad2 == "م" and rad3 == "ر")
end
-- Form-I verb رأى and form-IV verb أرى
local function raa_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3)
return rad1 == "ر" and rad2 == HAMZA and rad3 == Y
end
-- Form-I verb سأل
local function saal_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3)
return rad1 == "س" and rad2 == HAMZA and rad3 == "ل"
end
-- Form-I verb حيّ or حيي and form-X verb استحيا or استحى
local function hayy_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3)
return rad1 == "ح" and rad2 == Y and rad3 == Y
end
-----------------------
-- sets of past endings
-----------------------
-- the 13 endings of the sound/hollow/geminate past tense
local past_endings = {
-- singular
SK .. "تُ", SK .. "تَ", SK .. "تِ", A, A .. "تْ",
--dual
SK .. "تُمَا", AA, A .. "تَا",
-- plural
SK .. "نَا", SK .. "تُمْ",
-- two Arabic diacritics don't work together in Wikimedia
--SK .. "تُنَّ",
SK .. "تُن" .. SH .. A, UU .. ALIF, SK .. "نَ"
}
-- make endings for final-weak past in -aytu or -awtu. AYAW is AY or AW
-- as appropriate. Note that AA and AW are global variables.
local function make_past_endings_ay_aw(ayaw, third_sg_masc)
return {
-- singular
ayaw .. SK .. "تُ", ayaw .. SK .. "تَ", ayaw .. SK .. "تِ",
third_sg_masc, A .. "تْ",
--dual
ayaw .. SK .. "تُمَا", ayaw .. AA, A .. "تَا",
-- plural
ayaw .. SK .. "نَا", ayaw .. SK .. "تُمْ",
-- two Arabic diacritics don't work together in Wikimedia
--ayaw .. SK .. "تُنَّ",
ayaw .. SK .. "تُن" .. SH .. A, AW .. SK .. ALIF, ayaw .. SK .. "نَ"
}
end
-- past final-weak -aytu endings
local past_endings_ay = make_past_endings_ay_aw(AY, AAMAQ)
-- past final-weak -awtu endings
local past_endings_aw = make_past_endings_ay_aw(AW, AA)
-- Make endings for final-weak past in -ītu or -ūtu. IIUU is ī or ū as
-- appropriate. Note that AA and UU are global variables.
local function make_past_endings_ii_uu(iiuu)
return {
-- singular
iiuu .. "تُ", iiuu .. "تَ", iiuu .. "تِ", iiuu .. A, iiuu .. A .. "تْ",
--dual
iiuu .. "تُمَا", iiuu .. AA, iiuu .. A .. "تَا",
-- plural
iiuu .. "نَا", iiuu .. "تُمْ",
-- two Arabic diacritics don't work together in Wikimedia
--iiuu .. "تُنَّ",
iiuu .. "تُن" .. SH .. A, UU .. ALIF, iiuu .. "نَ"
}
end
-- past final-weak -ītu endings
local past_endings_ii = make_past_endings_ii_uu(II)
-- past final-weak -ūtu endings
local past_endings_uu = make_past_endings_ii_uu(UU)
----------------------------------------
-- sets of non-past prefixes and endings
----------------------------------------
-- prefixes for non-past forms in -a-
local nonpast_prefixes_a = {
-- singular
HAMZA .. A, "تَ", "تَ", "يَ", "تَ",
--dual
"تَ", "يَ", "تَ",
-- plural
"نَ", "تَ", "تَ", "يَ", "يَ"
}
-- prefixes for non-past forms in -u- (passive; active forms II, III, IV, Iq)
local nonpast_prefixes_u = {
-- singular
HAMZA .. U, "تُ", "تُ", "يُ", "تُ",
--dual
"تُ", "يُ", "تُ",
-- plural
"نُ", "تُ", "تُ", "يُ", "يُ"
}
-- There are only five distinct endings in all non-past verbs. Make any set of
-- non-past endings given these five distinct endings.
local function make_nonpast_endings(null, fem, dual, pl, fempl)
return {
-- singular
null, null, fem, null, null,
-- dual
dual, dual, dual,
-- plural
null, pl, fempl, pl, fempl
}
end
-- endings for non-past indicative
local indic_endings = make_nonpast_endings(
U,
II .. NA,
AANI,
UU .. NA,
SK .. NA
)
-- make the endings for non-past subjunctive/jussive, given the vowel diacritic
-- used in "null" endings (1s/2sm/3sm/3sf/1p)
local function make_subj_juss_endings(dia_null)
return make_nonpast_endings(
dia_null,
II,
AA,
UU .. ALIF,
SK .. NA
)
end
-- endings for non-past subjunctive
local subj_endings = make_subj_juss_endings(A)
-- endings for non-past jussive
local juss_endings = make_subj_juss_endings(SK)
-- endings for alternative geminate non-past jussive in -a; same as subjunctive
local juss_endings_alt_a = subj_endings
-- endings for alternative geminate non-past jussive in -i
local juss_endings_alt_i = make_subj_juss_endings(I)
-- endings for final-weak non-past indicative in -ā. Note that AY, AW and
-- AAMAQ are global variables.
local indic_endings_aa = make_nonpast_endings(
AAMAQ,
AYSK .. NA,
AY .. AANI,
AWSK .. NA,
AYSK .. NA
)
-- make endings for final-weak non-past indicative in -ī or -ū; IIUU is
-- ī or ū as appropriate. Note that II and UU are global variables.
local function make_indic_endings_ii_uu(iiuu)
return make_nonpast_endings(
iiuu,
II .. NA,
iiuu .. AANI,
UU .. NA,
iiuu .. NA
)
end
-- endings for final-weak non-past indicative in -ī
local indic_endings_ii = make_indic_endings_ii_uu(II)
-- endings for final-weak non-past indicative in -ū
local indic_endings_uu = make_indic_endings_ii_uu(UU)
-- endings for final-weak non-past subjunctive in -ā. Note that AY, AW, ALIF,
-- AAMAQ are global variables.
local subj_endings_aa = make_nonpast_endings(
AAMAQ,
AYSK,
AY .. AA,
AWSK .. ALIF,
AYSK .. NA
)
-- make endings for final-weak non-past subjunctive in -ī or -ū. IIUU is
-- ī or ū as appropriate. Note that AA, II, UU, ALIF are global variables.
local function make_subj_endings_ii_uu(iiuu)
return make_nonpast_endings(
iiuu .. A,
II,
iiuu .. AA,
UU .. ALIF,
iiuu .. NA
)
end
-- endings for final-weak non-past subjunctive in -ī
local subj_endings_ii = make_subj_endings_ii_uu(II)
-- endings for final-weak non-past subjunctive in -ū
local subj_endings_uu = make_subj_endings_ii_uu(UU)
-- endings for final-weak non-past jussive in -ā
local juss_endings_aa = make_nonpast_endings(
A,
AYSK,
AY .. AA,
AWSK .. ALIF,
AYSK .. NA
)
-- Make endings for final-weak non-past jussive in -ī or -ū. IU is short i or u,
-- IIUU is long ī or ū as appropriate. Note that AA, II, UU, ALIF are global
-- variables.
local function make_juss_endings_ii_uu(iu, iiuu)
return make_nonpast_endings(
iu,
II,
iiuu .. AA,
UU .. ALIF,
iiuu .. NA
)
end
-- endings for final-weak non-past jussive in -ī
local juss_endings_ii = make_juss_endings_ii_uu(I, II)
-- endings for final-weak non-past jussive in -ū
local juss_endings_uu = make_juss_endings_ii_uu(U, UU)
-----------------------------
-- sets of imperative endings
-----------------------------
-- extract the second person jussive endings to get corresponding imperative
-- endings
local function imperative_endings_from_jussive(endings)
return {endings[2], endings[3], endings[6], endings[10], endings[11]}
end
-- normal imperative endings
local impr_endings = imperative_endings_from_jussive(juss_endings)
-- alternative geminate imperative endings in -a
local impr_endings_alt_a = imperative_endings_from_jussive(juss_endings_alt_a)
-- alternative geminate imperative endings in -i
local impr_endings_alt_i = imperative_endings_from_jussive(juss_endings_alt_i)
-- final-weak imperative endings in -ā
local impr_endings_aa = imperative_endings_from_jussive(juss_endings_aa)
-- final-weak imperative endings in -ī
local impr_endings_ii = imperative_endings_from_jussive(juss_endings_ii)
-- final-weak imperative endings in -ū
local impr_endings_uu = imperative_endings_from_jussive(juss_endings_uu)
-----------------------------
-- Main conjugation functions
-----------------------------
function get_args(args)
local origargs = args
local args = {}
-- Convert empty arguments to nil, and "" or '' arguments to empty
for k, v in pairs(origargs) do
args[k] = ine(v)
end
return origargs, args
end
function get_frame_args(frame)
return get_args(frame:getParent().args)
end
-- Implement {{ar-conj}}.
function export.show(frame)
local origargs, args = get_frame_args(frame)
local data, form, weakness, past_vowel, nonpast_vowel = conjugate(args, 1)
-- if the value is "yes" or variants, the verb is intransitive;
-- if the value is "no" or variants, the verb is transitive.
-- If not specified, default is intransitive if passive == false or
-- passive == "impers", else transitive.
local intrans = args["intrans"]
if not intrans then
intrans = data.passive == false or data.passive == "impers" or data.passive == "only-impers"
else
intrans = yesno(intrans, "unknown")
if intrans == "unknown" then
error("Unrecognized value '" .. args["intrans"] ..
"' to argument intrans=; use 'yes'/'y'/'true'/'1' or 'no'/'n'/'false'/'0'")
end
end
if intrans then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic intransitive verbs")
else
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic transitive verbs")
end
-- initialize title, with weakness indicated by conjugation
-- (FIXME should it be by form?)
local title = "form-" .. form .. " " .. weakness
if data.passive == "only" or data.passive == "only-impers" then
title = title .. " passive"
end
if data.irregular then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic irregular verbs")
title = title .. " irregular"
end
return make_table(data, title, form, intrans) ..
m_utilities.format_categories(data.categories, lang)
end
-- Version of main entry point meant for calling from the debug console.
-- An example call might be as follows:
--
-- =p.show2({'I', 'a', 'u', 'ك', 'ت', 'ب'})
--
-- This is equivalent to the following template call:
--
-- {{ar-conj|I|a|u|ك|ت|ب}}
--
-- Note that the radicals were actually typed in with ك first, followed by ت
-- and then ب, but they appear in opposite order due to right-to-left
-- display issues. It's necessary to specify the radicals in the call,
-- unlike in a template call where they are inferred from the page name,
-- because there is (currently) no way to control the page name used in
-- the radical-inference code, where it will appear as 'Module:ar-verb'.
function export.show2(parargs, args)
return export.show(debug_frame(parargs, args))
end
-- Implement {{ar-verb}}.
-- TODO: Move this into [[Module:ar-headword]]
function export.headword(frame)
local origargs, args = get_frame_args(frame)
local data, form, weakness, past_vowel, nonpast_vowel = conjugate(args, 1)
local use_params = form == "I" or args["useparam"]
local arabic_3sm_perf, latin_3sm_perf
local arabic_3sm_imperf, latin_3sm_imperf
if data.passive == "only" or data.passive == "only-impers" then
arabic_3sm_perf, latin_3sm_perf = get_spans(data.forms["3sm-ps-perf"])
arabic_3sm_imperf, latin_3sm_imperf = get_spans(data.forms["3sm-ps-impf"])
else
arabic_3sm_perf, latin_3sm_perf = get_spans(data.forms["3sm-perf"])
arabic_3sm_imperf, latin_3sm_imperf = get_spans(data.forms["3sm-impf"])
end
title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
NAMESPACE = title.nsText
PAGENAME = ( NAMESPACE == "Appendix" and title.subpageText ) or title.text
-- set to PAGENAME if left empty
local head, tr
if use_params and form ~= "I" then
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic augmented verbs with parameter override")
end
if use_params and args["head"] then
head = {args["head"], args["head2"], args["head3"]}
tr = {args["tr"], args["tr2"], args["tr3"]}
if form == "I" then
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-I verbs with headword perfect determined through param, not past vowel")
end
elseif use_params and args["tr"] then
head = PAGENAME
tr = args["tr"]
if form == "I" then
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-I verbs with headword perfect determined through param, not past vowel")
end
elseif form == "I" and #past_vowel == 0 then
head = PAGENAME
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-I verbs with missing past vowel in headword")
else
-- Massive hack to get the order correct. It gets reversed for some
-- reason, possibly due to being surrounded by lang=ar or
-- class=Arabic headword, so reverse the order before concatenating.
headrev = {}
for _, ar in ipairs(arabic_3sm_perf) do
table.insert(headrev, 1, ar)
end
head = table.concat(headrev, " <small style=\"color: #888\">or</small> ")
tr = table.concat(latin_3sm_perf, " <small style=\"color: #888\">or</small> ")
end
local form_text = ' <span class="gender">[[Appendix:Arabic verbs#Form ' .. form .. '|<abbr title="Bentuk kata kerja ' ..
form .. '">' .. form .. '</abbr>]]</span>'
local impf_arabic, impf_tr
if use_params and args["impf"] then
impf_arabic = args["impfhead"] or args["impf"]
impf_tr = args["impftr"] or ar_translit.tr(impf_arabic, nil, nil, nil)
impf_arabic = {impf_arabic}
if form == "I" then
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-I verbs with headword imperfect determined through param, not non-past vowel")
end
elseif form == "I" and #nonpast_vowel == 0 then
impf_arabic = {}
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-I verbs with missing non-past vowel in headword")
else
impf_arabic = arabic_3sm_imperf
impf_tr = table.concat(latin_3sm_imperf, " <small style=\"color: #888\">or</small> ")
end
-- convert Arabic terms to bolded links
for i, entry in ipairs(impf_arabic) do
impf_arabic[i] = links(entry, "bold")
end
-- create non-past text by concatenating Arabic spans and adding
-- transliteration, but only if we can do it non-ambiguously (either we're
-- not form I or the non-past vowel was specified)
local impf_text = ""
if #impf_arabic > 0 then
impf_text = ', <i>kala tak lampau</i> ' .. table.concat(impf_arabic, " <small style=\"color: #888\">or</small> ")
if impf_tr then
impf_text = impf_text .. LRM .. " (" .. impf_tr .. ")"
end
end
return
m_headword.full_headword({lang = lang, pos_category = "kata kerja", categories = {}, heads = head, translits = tr, sort_key = args["sort"]}) ..
form_text .. impf_text ..
m_utilities.format_categories(data.headword_categories, lang)
end
-- Version of headword entry point meant for calling from the debug console.
-- See export.show2().
function export.headword2(parargs, args)
return export.headword(debug_frame(parargs, args))
end
-- Implementation of export.past3sm() and export.past3sm_all().
function past3sm(frameargs, doall)
local origargs, args = get_args(frameargs)
local data, form, weakness, past_vowel, nonpast_vowel = conjugate(args, 1)
local arabic_3sm_perf, latin_3sm_perf
if data.passive == "only" or data.passive == "only-impers" then
arabic_3sm_perf, latin_3sm_perf = get_spans(data.forms["3sm-ps-perf"])
else
arabic_3sm_perf, latin_3sm_perf = get_spans(data.forms["3sm-perf"])
end
if doall then
return table.concat(arabic_3sm_perf, ",")
else
return arabic_3sm_perf[1]
end
end
-- Implement {{ar-past3sm}}.
--
-- Generate the 3rd singular masculine past tense (the dictionary form), given
-- the form, radicals and (for form I) past/non-past vowels (the non-past
-- vowel is ignored, but specified for compatibility with export.headword()
-- and export.show()). Form, radicals, past/non-past vowel arguments are the
-- same as for export.show(). Note that the form returned may be active or
-- passive depending on the passive= param (some values specify that the
-- verb is a passive-only verb). If there are multiple alternatives,
-- return only the first one.
function export.past3sm(frame)
return past3sm(frame:getParent().args, false)
end
-- Version of past3sm entry point meant for calling from the debug console.
-- See export.show2().
function export.past3sm2(parargs, args)
return export.past3sm(debug_frame(parargs, args))
end
-- Implement {{ar-past3sm-all}}.
--
-- Same as export.past3sm() but return all possible values, separated by
-- a comma. Multiple values largely come from alternative hamza seats.
function export.past3sm_all(frame)
return past3sm(frame:getParent().args, true)
end
-- Version of past3sm_all entry point meant for calling from the debug console.
-- See export.show2().
function export.past3sm_all2(parargs, args)
return export.past3sm_all(debug_frame(parargs, args))
end
-- Implementation of export.verb_part() and export.verb_part_all().
function verb_part(frameargs, doall)
local origargs, args = get_args(frameargs)
local part = args[1]
local data, form, weakness, past_vowel, nonpast_vowel = conjugate(args, 2)
local arabic, latin = get_spans(data.forms[part])
if doall then
return table.concat(arabic, ",")
else
return arabic[1]
end
end
-- Implement {{ar-verb-part}}.
--
-- TODO: Move this into [[Module:ar-headword]]
-- Generate an arbitrary part of the verbal paradigm. If there are multiple
-- possible alternatives, return only the first one.
function export.verb_part(frame)
return verb_part(frame:getParent().args, false)
end
-- Version of verb_part entry point meant for calling from the debug console.
-- See export.show2().
function export.verb_part2(parargs, args)
return export.verb_part(debug_frame(parargs, args))
end
-- Implement {{ar-verb-part-all}}.
--
-- TODO: Move this into [[Module:ar-headword]]
-- Generate an arbitrary part of the verbal paradigm. If there are multiple
-- possible alternatives, return all, separated by commas.
function export.verb_part_all(frame)
return verb_part(frame:getParent().args, true)
end
-- Version of verb_part_all entry point meant for calling from the debug
-- console. See export.show2().
function export.verb_part_all2(parargs, args)
return export.verb_part_all(debug_frame(parargs, args))
end
-- Return a property of the conjugation other than a verb part.
function verb_prop(frameargs)
local origargs, args = get_args(frameargs)
local prop = args[1]
local data, form, weakness, past_vowel, nonpast_vowel = conjugate(args, 2)
if prop == "form" then
return form
elseif prop == "weakness" then
return weakness
elseif prop == "form-weakness" then
return form .. "-" .. weakness
elseif prop == "past-vowel" then
return table.concat(past_vowel, ",")
elseif prop == "nonpast-vowel" then
return table.concat(nonpast_vowel, ",")
elseif prop == "rad1" then
return data.rad1 or ""
elseif prop == "rad2" then
return data.rad2 or ""
elseif prop == "rad3" then
return data.rad3 or ""
elseif prop == "rad4" then
return data.rad4 or ""
elseif prop == "unreg-rad1" then
return data.unreg_rad1 or ""
elseif prop == "unreg-rad2" then
return data.unreg_rad2 or ""
elseif prop == "unreg-rad3" then
return data.unreg_rad3 or ""
elseif prop == "unreg-rad4" then
return data.unreg_rad4 or ""
elseif prop == "radicals" then
return table.concat({data.rad1, data.rad2, data.rad3, data.rad4}, ",")
elseif prop == "unreg-radicals" then
return table.concat({data.unreg_rad1, data.unreg_rad2,
data.unreg_rad3, data.unreg_rad4}, ",")
elseif prop == "passive" then
return data.passive == true and "yes" or not data.passive and "no"
or data.passive
elseif prop == "passive-uncertain" then
return data.passive_uncertain and "yes" or "no"
elseif prop == "vn-uncertain" then
return data.vn_uncertain and "yes" or "no"
elseif prop == "irregular" then
return data.irregular and "yes" or "no"
--elseif prop == "intrans" then
-- return data.intrans
else
error("Unrecognized property '" .. prop .. "'")
end
end
-- Return a property of the conjugation other than a verb part.
function export.verb_prop(frame)
return verb_prop(frame:getParent().args)
end
-- Version of verb_prop entry point meant for calling from the debug console.
-- See export.show2().
function export.verb_prop2(parargs, args)
return export.verb_prop(debug_frame(parargs, args))
end
function export.verb_forms(frame)
local origargs, args = get_frame_args(frame)
local i = 1
local past_vowel_re = "^[aui,]*$"
local combined_root = nil
if not args[i] or rfind(args[i], past_vowel_re) then
combined_root = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
if not rfind(combined_root, " ") then
error("When inferring roots from page title, need spaces in page title: " .. combined_root)
end
elseif rfind(args[i], " ") then
combined_root = args[i]
i = i + 1
else
local separate_roots = {}
while args[i] and not rfind(args[i], past_vowel_re) do
table.insert(separate_roots, args[i])
i = i + 1
end
combined_root = table.concat(separate_roots, " ")
end
local past_vowel = args[i]
i = i + 1
if past_vowel and not rfind(past_vowel, past_vowel_re) then
error("Unrecognized past vowel, should be 'a', 'i', 'u', 'a,u', etc. or empty: " .. past_vowel)
end
if not past_vowel then
past_vowel = ""
end
local split_root = rsplit(combined_root, " ")
-- Map from verb forms (I, II, etc.) to a table of verb properties,
-- which has entries e.g. for "verb" (either true to autogenerate the verb
-- head, or an explicitly specified verb head using e.g. argument "I-head"),
-- and for "verb-gloss" (which comes from e.g. the argument "I" or "I-gloss"),
-- and for "vn" and "vn-gloss", "ap" and "ap-gloss", "pp" and "pp-gloss".
local verb_properties = {}
for _, form in ipairs(allowed_forms) do
local formpropslist = {}
local derivs = {{"verb", ""}, {"vn", "-vn"}, {"ap", "-ap"}, {"pp", "-pp"}}
local index = 1
while true do
local formprops = {}
local prefix = index == 1 and form or form .. index
if prefix == "I" then
formprops["pv"] = past_vowel
end
if args[prefix .. "-pv"] then
formprops["pv"] = args[prefix .. "-pv"]
end
for _, deriv in ipairs(derivs) do
local prop = deriv[1]
local extn = deriv[2]
if args[prefix .. extn] == "+" then
formprops[prop] = true
elseif args[prefix .. extn] == "-" then
formprops[prop] = false
elseif args[prefix .. extn] then
formprops[prop] = true
formprops[prop .. "-gloss"] = args[prefix .. extn]
end
if args[prefix .. extn .. "-head"] then
if formprops[prop] == nil then
formprops[prop] = true
end
formprops[prop] = args[prefix .. extn .. "-head"]
end
if args[prefix .. extn .. "-gloss"] then
if formprops[prop] == nil then
formprops[prop] = true
end
formprops[prop .. "-gloss"] = args[prefix .. extn .. "-gloss"]
end
end
if formprops["verb"] then
-- If a verb form specified, also turn on vn (unless form I, with
-- unpredictable vn) and ap, and maybe pp, according to form,
-- weakness and past vowel. But don't turn these on if there's
-- an explicit on/off specification for them (e.g. I-pp=-).
if form ~= "I" and formprops["vn"] == nil then
formprops["vn"] = true
end
if formprops["ap"] == nil then
formprops["ap"] = true
end
local weakness = weakness_from_radicals(form, split_root[1],
split_root[2], split_root[3], split_root[4])
if formprops["pp"] == nil and not form_probably_no_passive(form,
weakness, rsplit(formprops["pv"] or "", ","), {}) then
formprops["pp"] = true
end
table.insert(formpropslist, formprops)
index = index + 1
else
break
end
end
table.insert(verb_properties, {form, formpropslist})
end
-- Go through and create the verb form derivations as necessary, when
-- they haven't been explicitly given
for _, vplist in ipairs(verb_properties) do
local form = vplist[1]
for _, props in ipairs(vplist[2]) do
local args = {}
function append_form_and_root()
table.insert(args, form)
if form == "I" then
table.insert(args, props["pv"]) -- past vowel
table.insert(args, "")
end
append_array(args, split_root)
end
if props["verb"] == true then
args = {}
append_form_and_root()
props["verb"] = past3sm(args, true)
end
for _, deriv in ipairs({"vn", "ap", "pp"}) do
if props[deriv] == true then
args = {deriv}
append_form_and_root()
props[deriv] = verb_part(args, true)
end
end
end
end
-- Go through and output the result
local formtextarr = {}
for _, vplist in ipairs(verb_properties) do
local form = vplist[1]
for _, props in ipairs(vplist[2]) do
local textarr = {}
if props["verb"] then
local text = "* '''[[Appendix:Arabic verbs#Form " .. form .. "|Form " .. form .. "]]''': "
local linktext = {}
local splitheads = rsplit(props["verb"], "[,،]")
for _, head in ipairs(splitheads) do
table.insert(linktext, m_links.full_link({lang = lang, term = head, gloss = ine(props["verb-gloss"])}))
end
text = text .. table.concat(linktext, ", ")
table.insert(textarr, text)
for _, derivengl in ipairs({{"vn", "Verbal noun"}, {"ap", "Active participle"}, {"pp", "Passive participle"}}) do
local deriv = derivengl[1]
local engl = derivengl[2]
if props[deriv] then
local text = "** " .. engl .. ": "
local linktext = {}
local splitheads = rsplit(props[deriv], "[,،]")
for _, head in ipairs(splitheads) do
table.insert(linktext, m_links.full_link({lang = lang, term = head, gloss = ine(props[deriv .. "-gloss"])}))
end
text = text .. table.concat(linktext, ", ")
table.insert(textarr, text)
end
end
table.insert(formtextarr, table.concat(textarr, "\n"))
end
end
end
return table.concat(formtextarr, "\n")
end
-- Version of verb_forms entry point meant for calling from the debug console.
-- See export.show2().
function export.verb_forms2(parargs, args)
return export.verb_forms(debug_frame(parargs, args))
end
-- Guts of conjugation functions. Shared between {{temp|ar-conj}} and
-- {{temp|ar-verb}}, among others. ARGS is the frame parent arguments,
-- as returned by get_frame_args() (i.e. with arguments passed through ine()).
-- ARGIND is the numbered argument holding the verb form (either 1 or 2);
-- if form is I, the next two arguments are the past and non-past vowels;
-- afterwards are the (optional) radicals. Return five values:
-- DATA, FORM, WEAKNESS, PAST_VOWEL, NONPAST_VOWEL. The last two are
-- arrays of vowels (each one 'a', 'i' or 'u'), since there may be more
-- than one, or none in the case of non-form-I verbs.
function conjugate(args, argind)
local data = {forms = {}, categories = {}, headword_categories = {}}
title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
NAMESPACE = title.nsText
PAGENAME = ( NAMESPACE == "Appendix" and title.subpageText ) or title.text
local conj_type = args[argind] or
error("Form (conjugation type) has not been specified. " ..
"Please pass a value to parameter " .. argind ..
" in the template invocation.")
-- derive form and weakness from conj type
local form, weakness
if rfind(conj_type, "%-") then
local form_weakness = rsplit(conj_type, "%-")
form = form_weakness[1]
table.remove(form_weakness, 1)
weakness = table.concat(form_weakness, "-")
else
form = conj_type
weakness = nil
end
-- convert numeric forms to Roman numerals
-- no longer supported
-- form = canonicalize_form(form)
-- check for quadriliteral form (Iq, IIq, IIIq, IVq)
local quadlit = rmatch(form, "q$")
-- get radicals and past/non-past vowel
local rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4, past_vowel, nonpast_vowel
if form == "I" then
past_vowel = args[argind + 1]
nonpast_vowel = args[argind + 2]
local function splitvowel(vowelspec)
if vowelspec == nil then
vowelspec = {}
else
vowelspec = rsplit(vowelspec, ",")
end
return vowelspec
end
-- allow multiple past or non-past vowels separated by commas, e.g.
-- in farada/faruda yafrudu "to be single"
past_vowel = splitvowel(past_vowel)
nonpast_vowel = splitvowel(nonpast_vowel)
rad1 = args[argind + 3] or args["I"]
rad2 = args[argind + 4] or args["II"]
rad3 = args[argind + 5] or args["III"]
else
rad1 = args[argind + 1] or args["I"]
rad2 = args[argind + 2] or args["II"]
rad3 = args[argind + 3] or args["III"]
if quadlit then
rad4 = args[argind + 4] or args["IV"]
end
end
-- Default any unspecified radicals to radicals determined from the
-- headword. The return radicals may have Latin letters in them (w, t, y)
-- to indicate ambiguous radicals that should be converted to the
-- corresponding Arabic letters.
--
-- Only call infer_radicals() if at least one radical unspecified,
-- because infer_radicals() will throw an error if the headword is
-- malformed for the form, and we don't want that to happen (e.g. we might
-- be called from a test page).
if not rad1 or not rad2 or not rad3 or quadlit and not rad4 then
local wkness, r1, r2, r3, r4 =
export.infer_radicals(PAGENAME, form)
-- Use the inferred weakness if we don't override any of the inferred
-- radicals with something else, i.e. for each user-specified radical,
-- either it's nil (was not specified) or same as inferred radical.
-- That way we will correctly set the weakness to sound in cases like
-- layisa "to be valiant", 'aḥwaja "to need", istahwana "to consider easy",
-- izdawaja "to be in pairs", etc.
local use_wkness = (not rad1 or rad1 == r1) and (not rad2 or rad2 == r2) and
(not rad3 or rad3 == r3) and (not rad4 or rad4 == r4)
rad1 = rad1 or r1
rad2 = rad2 or r2
rad3 = rad3 or r3
rad4 = rad4 or r4
-- For most ambiguous radicals, the choice of radical doesn't matter
-- because it doesn't affect the conjugation one way or another.
-- For form I hollow verbs, however, it definitely does. In fact, the
-- choice of radical is critical even beyond the past and non-past
-- vowels because it affects the form of the passive participle.
-- So, check for this, try to guess if necessary from non-past vowel,
-- else signal an error, requiring that the radical be specified
-- explicitly. This will happen when the non-past vowel isn't specified
-- and also when it's "a", from which the radical cannot be inferred.
-- Do this check here rather than in infer_radicals() so that we don't
-- get an error if the appropriate radical is given but not others.
if form == "I" and (rad2 == "w" or rad2 == "y") then
if contains(nonpast_vowel, "i") then
rad2 = Y
elseif contains(nonpast_vowel, "u") then
rad2 = W
else
error("Unable to guess middle radical of hollow form I verb; " ..
"need to specify radical explicitly")
end
end
-- If weakness unspecified, then maybe default to weakness determined
-- from headword. We do this specifically when some radicals are
-- unspecified and all specified radicals are the same as the
-- corresponding inferred radicals, i.e. the specified radicals (if any)
-- don't provide any new information. When this isn't the case, and
-- the specified radicals override the inferred radicals with something
-- else, the inferred weakness may be wrong, so we figure out
-- the weakness below by ourselves, based on the combination of any
-- user-specified and inferred radicals.
--
-- The reason for using the inferred weakness when possible is that
-- it may be more accurate than the weakness we derive below, in
-- particular with verbs like layisa "to be courageous",
-- `awira "to be one-eyed", 'aḥwaja "to need", istajwaba "to interrogate",
-- izdawaja "to be in pairs", with a weak vowel in a sound conjugation.
-- The weakness derived below from the radicals would be hollow but the
-- weakness inferred in infer_radicals() is (correctly) sound.
if use_wkness then
weakness = weakness or wkness
end
end
-- Store unregularized radicals for later use in creating categories
data.unreg_rad1 = rad1
data.unreg_rad2 = rad2
data.unreg_rad3 = rad3
data.unreg_rad4 = rad4
-- Convert the Latin radicals indicating ambiguity into the corresponding
-- Arabic radicals.
local function regularize_inferred_radical(rad)
if rad == "t" then
return T
elseif rad == "w" then
return W
elseif rad == "y" then
return Y
else
return rad
end
end
rad1 = regularize_inferred_radical(rad1)
rad2 = regularize_inferred_radical(rad2)
rad3 = regularize_inferred_radical(rad3)
rad4 = regularize_inferred_radical(rad4)
data.rad1 = rad1
data.rad2 = rad2
data.rad3 = rad3
data.rad4 = rad4
-- Old code, default radicals to ف-ع-ل or variants.
--if not quadlit then
-- -- default radicals to ف-ع-ل (or ف-ل-ل for geminate, or with the
-- -- appropriate radical replaced by wāw for assimilated/hollow/final-weak)
-- rad1 = rad1 or
-- (weakness == "assimilated" or weakness == "assimilated+final-weak") and W or "ف"
-- rad2 = rad2 or weakness == "hollow" and W or
-- weakness == "geminate" and "ل" or "ع"
-- rad3 = rad3 or (weakness == "final-weak" or weakness == "assimilated+final-weak") and W or
-- weakness == "geminate" and rad2 or "ل"
--else
-- -- default to ف-ع-ل-ق (or ف-ع-ل-و for final-weak)
-- rad1 = rad1 or "ف"
-- rad2 = rad2 or "ع"
-- rad3 = rad3 or "ل"
-- rad4 = rad4 or weakness == "final-weak" and W or "ق"
--end
if weakness == nil then
weakness = weakness_from_radicals(form, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
end
-- Error if radicals are wrong given the weakness. More likely to happen
-- if the weakness is explicitly given rather than inferred. Will also
-- happen if certain incorrect letters are included as radicals e.g.
-- hamza on top of various letters, alif maqṣūra, tā' marbūṭa.
check_radicals(form, weakness, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
-- check to see if an argument ends in a ?. If so, strip the ? and return
-- true. Otherwise, return false.
local function check_for_uncertainty(arg)
if args[arg] and rfind(args[arg], "%?$") then
args[arg] = rsub(args[arg], "%?$", "")
if args[arg] == "" then
args[arg] = nil
end
return true
else
return false
end
end
-- allow a ? at the end of vn= and passive=; if so, putting the page into
-- special categories indicating the need to check the property in
-- question, and remove the ?. Also put into category for vn= if empty
-- and form is I.
if check_for_uncertainty("vn") or form == "I" and not args["vn"] then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic verbs needing verbal noun checked")
data.vn_uncertain = true
end
if check_for_uncertainty("passive") then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic verbs needing passive checked")
data.passive_uncertain = true
end
-- parse value of passive.
--
-- if the value is "impers", the verb has only impersonal passive;
-- if the value is "only", the verb has only a passive, no active;
-- if the value is "only-impers", the verb has only an impersonal passive;
-- if the value is "yes" or variants, verb has a passive;
-- if the value is "no" or variants, the verb has no passive.
-- If not specified, default is yes, but no for forms VII, IX,
-- XII - XV and IIq - IVq, and "impers" for form VI.
local passive = args["passive"]
if passive == "impers" or passive == "only" or passive == "only-impers" then
elseif not passive then
passive = form_probably_impersonal_passive(form) and "impers" or
not form_probably_no_passive(form, weakness, past_vowel,
nonpast_vowel) and true or false
else
passive = yesno(passive, "unknown")
if passive == "unknown" then
error("Unrecognized value '" .. args["passive"] ..
"' to argument passive=; use 'impers', 'only', 'only-impers', " ..
"'yes'/'y'/'true'/'1' or 'no'/'n'/'false'/'0'")
end
end
data.passive = passive
data.noimp = yesno(args["noimp"], false)
if data.noimp then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic verbs lacking imperative forms")
end
-- Initialize categories related to form and weakness.
initialize_categories(data, form, weakness, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
-- Reconstruct conjugation type from form and (possibly inferred) weakness.
conj_type = form .. "-" .. weakness
-- Check that the conjugation type is recognized.
if not conjugations[conj_type] then
error("Unknown conjugation type '" .. conj_type .. "'")
end
-- Actually conjugate the verb. The signature of the conjugation function
-- is different for form-I verbs, non-form-I triliteral verbs, and
-- quadriliteral verbs.
--
-- The way the conjugation functions work is they always add entries to the
-- appropriate parts of the paradigm (each of which is an array), rather
-- than setting the values. This makes it possible to call more than one
-- conjugation function and essentially get a paradigm of the "either
-- A or B" kind. Doing this may insert duplicate entries into a particular
-- paradigm part, but this is not a problem because we remove duplicate
-- entries (in get_spans()) before generating the actual table.
if quadlit then
conjugations[conj_type](data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
elseif form ~= "I" then
conjugations[conj_type](data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
else
-- For Form-I verbs, we also pass in the past and non-past vowels.
-- There may be more than one of each in case of alternative possible
-- conjugations. In such cases, we loop over the sets of vowels,
-- calling the appropriate conjugation function for each combination
-- of past and non-past vowel.
-- If the past or non-past vowel is unspecified, its value will be
-- an empty array. In such a case, we still want to iterate once,
-- passing in nil. Ideally, we'd convert empty arrays into one-element
-- arrays holding the value nil, but Lua doesn't let you put the
-- value nil into an array. To work around this we convert each array
-- to an array of one-element arrays and fetch the first item of the
-- inner array when we encounter it. Corresponding to nil will
-- be an empty array, and fetching its first item will indeed
-- return nil.
local function convert_to_nested_array(array)
if #array == 0 then
return {{}}
else
local retval = {}
for _, el in ipairs(array) do
table.insert(retval, {el})
end
return retval
end
end
local pv_nested = convert_to_nested_array(past_vowel)
local npv_nested = convert_to_nested_array(nonpast_vowel)
for i, pv in ipairs(pv_nested) do
for j, npv in ipairs(npv_nested) do
-- items were made into 1-element arrays so undo this
conjugations[conj_type](data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, pv[1], npv[1])
end
end
end
return data, form, weakness, past_vowel, nonpast_vowel
end
-- Determine weakness from radicals
function weakness_from_radicals(form, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
local weakness = nil
local quadlit = rmatch(form, "q$")
-- If weakness unspecified, derive from radicals.
if not quadlit then
if is_waw_ya(rad3) and rad1 == W and form == "I" then
weakness = "assimilated+final-weak"
elseif is_waw_ya(rad3) and form_supports_final_weak(form) then
weakness = "final-weak"
elseif rad2 == rad3 and form_supports_geminate(form) then
weakness = "geminate"
elseif is_waw_ya(rad2) and form_supports_hollow(form) then
weakness = "hollow"
elseif rad1 == W and form == "I" then
weakness = "assimilated"
else
weakness = "sound"
end
else
if is_waw_ya(rad4) then
weakness = "final-weak"
else
weakness = "sound"
end
end
return weakness
end
-- Infer radicals from headword and form. Throw an error if headword is
-- malformed. Returned radicals may contain Latin letters "t", "w" or "y"
-- indicating ambiguous radicals guessed to be tāʾ, wāw or yāʾ respectively.
function export.infer_radicals(headword, form)
local letters = {}
-- sub out alif-madda for easier processing
headword = rsub(headword, AMAD, HAMZA .. ALIF)
local len = ulen(headword)
-- extract the headword letters into an array
for i = 1, len do
table.insert(letters, usub(headword, i, i))
end
-- check that the letter at the given index is the given string, or
-- is one of the members of the given array
local function check(index, must)
local letter = letters[index]
if type(must) == "string" then
if letter == nil then
error("Letter " .. index .. " is nil", 2)
end
if letter ~= must then
error("For form " .. form .. ", letter " .. index ..
" must be " .. must .. ", not " .. letter, 2)
end
elseif not contains(must, letter) then
error("For form " .. form .. ", radical " .. index ..
" must be one of " .. table.concat(must, " ") .. ", not " .. letter, 2)
end
end
-- Check that length of headword is within [min, max]
local function check_len(min, max)
if len < min then
error("Not enough letters in headword " .. headword ..
" for form " .. form .. ", expected at least " .. min)
elseif len > max then
error("Too many letters in headword " .. headword ..
" for form " .. form .. ", expected at most " .. max)
end
end
local quadlit = rmatch(form, "q$")
-- find first radical, start of second/third radicals, check for
-- required letters
local radstart, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4
local weakness
if form == "I" or form == "II" then
rad1 = letters[1]
radstart = 2
elseif form == "III" then
rad1 = letters[1]
check(2, {ALIF, WAW}) -- WAW occurs in passive-only verbs
radstart = 3
elseif form == "IV" then
-- this would be alif-madda but we replaced it with hamza-alif above.
if letters[1] == HAMZA and letters[2] == ALIF then
rad1 = HAMZA
else
check(1, HAMZA_ON_ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
end
radstart = 3
elseif form == "V" then
check(1, T)
rad1 = letters[2]
radstart = 3
elseif form == "VI" then
check(1, T)
if letters[2] == AMAD then
rad1 = HAMZA
radstart = 3
else
rad1 = letters[2]
check(3, {ALIF, WAW}) -- WAW occurs in passive-only verbs
radstart = 4
end
elseif form == "VII" then
check(1, ALIF)
check(2, N)
rad1 = letters[3]
radstart = 4
elseif form == "VIII" then
check(1, ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
if rad1 == T or rad1 == "د" or rad1 == "ث" or rad1 == "ذ" or rad1 == "ط" or rad1 == "ظ" then
radstart = 3
elseif rad1 == "ز" then
check(3, "د")
radstart = 4
elseif rad1 == "ص" or rad1 == "ض" then
check(3, "ط")
radstart = 4
else
check(3, T)
radstart = 4
end
if rad1 == T then
-- radical is ambiguous, might be ت or و or ي but doesn't affect
-- conjugation
rad1 = "t"
end
elseif form == "IX" then
check(1, ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
radstart = 3
elseif form == "X" then
check(1, ALIF)
check(2, S)
check(3, T)
rad1 = letters[4]
radstart = 5
elseif form == "Iq" then
rad1 = letters[1]
rad2 = letters[2]
radstart = 3
elseif form == "IIq" then
check(1, T)
rad1 = letters[2]
rad2 = letters[3]
radstart = 4
elseif form == "IIIq" then
check(1, ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
rad2 = letters[3]
check(4, N)
radstart = 5
elseif form == "IVq" then
check(1, ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
rad2 = letters[3]
radstart = 4
elseif form == "XI" then
check_len(5, 5)
check(1, ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
rad2 = letters[3]
check(4, ALIF)
rad3 = letters[5]
weakness = "sound"
elseif form == "XII" then
check(1, ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
if letters[3] ~= letters[5] then
error("For form XII, letters 3 and 5 of headword " .. headword ..
" should be the same")
end
check(4, W)
radstart = 5
elseif form == "XIII" then
check_len(5, 5)
check(1, ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
rad2 = letters[3]
check(4, W)
rad3 = letters[5]
if rad3 == AMAQ then
weakness = "final-weak"
else
weakness = "sound"
end
elseif form == "XIV" then
check_len(6, 6)
check(1, ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
rad2 = letters[3]
check(4, N)
rad3 = letters[5]
if letters[6] == AMAQ then
check_waw_ya(rad3)
weakness = "final-weak"
else
if letters[5] ~= letters[6] then
error("For form XIV, letters 5 and 6 of headword " .. headword ..
" should be the same")
end
weakness = "sound"
end
elseif form == "XV" then
check_len(6, 6)
check(1, ALIF)
rad1 = letters[2]
rad2 = letters[3]
check(4, N)
rad3 = letters[5]
if rad3 == Y then
check(6, ALIF)
else
check(6, AMAQ)
end
weakness = "sound"
else
error("Don't recognize form " .. form)
end
-- Process the last two radicals. RADSTART is the index of the
-- first of the two. If it's nil then all radicals have already been
-- processed above, and we don't do anything.
if radstart ~= nil then
-- there must be one or two letters left
check_len(radstart, radstart + 1)
if len == radstart then
-- if one letter left, then it's a geminate verb
if form_supports_geminate(form) then
weakness = "geminate"
rad2 = letters[len]
rad3 = letters[len]
else
-- oops, geminate verbs not allowed in this form; signal
-- an error
check_len(radstart + 1, radstart + 1)
end
elseif quadlit then
-- process last two radicals of a quadriliteral form
rad3 = letters[radstart]
rad4 = letters[radstart + 1]
if rad4 == AMAQ or rad4 == ALIF and rad3 == Y or rad4 == Y then
-- rad4 can be Y in passive-only verbs
if form_supports_final_weak(form) then
weakness = "final-weak"
-- ambiguous radical; randomly pick wāw as radical (but avoid
-- two wāws in a row); it could be wāw or yāʾ, but doesn't
-- affect the conjugation
rad4 = rad3 == W and "y" or "w"
else
error("For headword " .. headword ..
", last radical is " .. rad4 .. " but form " .. form ..
" doesn't support final-weak verbs")
end
else
weakness = "sound"
end
else
-- process last two radicals of a triliteral form
rad2 = letters[radstart]
rad3 = letters[radstart + 1]
if form == "I" and (is_waw_ya(rad3) or rad3 == ALIF or rad3 == AMAQ) then
-- check for final-weak form I verb. It can end in tall alif
-- (rad3 = wāw) or alif maqṣūra (rad3 = yāʾ) or a wāw or yāʾ
-- (with a past vowel of i or u, e.g. nasiya/yansā "forget"
-- or with a passive-only verb).
if rad1 == W then
weakness = "assimilated+final-weak"
else
weakness = "final-weak"
end
if rad3 == ALIF then
rad3 = W
elseif rad3 == AMAQ then
rad3 = Y
else
-- ambiguous radical; randomly pick wāw as radical (but
-- avoid two wāws); it could be wāw or yāʾ, but doesn't
-- affect the conjugation
rad3 = (rad1 == W or rad2 == W) and "y" or "w" -- ambiguous
end
elseif rad3 == AMAQ or rad2 == Y and rad3 == ALIF or rad3 == Y then
-- rad3 == Y happens in passive-only verbs
if form_supports_final_weak(form) then
weakness = "final-weak"
else
error("For headword " .. headword ..
", last radical is " .. rad3 .. " but form " .. form ..
" doesn't support final-weak verbs")
end
-- ambiguous radical; randomly pick wāw as radical (but avoid
-- two wāws); it could be wāw or yāʾ, but doesn't affect the
-- conjugation
rad3 = (rad1 == W or rad2 == W) and "y" or "w"
elseif rad2 == ALIF then
if form_supports_hollow(form) then
weakness = "hollow"
-- ambiguous radical; could be wāw or yāʾ; if form I,
-- it's critical to get this right, and the caller checks
-- for this situation, attempts to infer radical from
-- non-past vowel, and if that fails, signals an error
rad2 = "w"
else
error("For headword " .. headword ..
", second radical is alif but form " .. form ..
" doesn't support hollow verbs")
end
elseif form == "I" and rad1 == W then
weakness = "assimilated"
elseif rad2 == rad3 and (form == "III" or form == "VI") then
weakness = "geminate"
else
weakness = "sound"
end
end
end
-- convert radicals to canonical form (handle various hamza varieties and
-- check for misplaced alif or alif maqṣūra; legitimate cases of these
-- letters are handled above)
local function convert(rad, index)
if rad == HAMZA_ON_ALIF or rad == HAMZA_UNDER_ALIF or
rad == HAMZA_ON_W or rad == HAMZA_ON_Y then
return HAMZA
elseif rad == AMAQ then
error("For form " .. form .. ", headword " .. headword ..
", radical " .. index .. " must not be alif maqṣūra")
elseif rad == ALIF then
error("For form " .. form .. ", headword " .. headword ..
", radical " .. index .. " must not be alif")
else
return rad
end
end
rad1 = convert(rad1, 1)
rad2 = convert(rad2, 2)
rad3 = convert(rad3, 3)
rad4 = convert(rad4, 4)
return weakness, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4
end
-- given form, weakness and radicals, check to make sure the radicals present
-- are allowable for the weakness. Hamzas on alif/wāw/yāʾ seats are never
-- allowed (should always appear as hamza-on-the-line), and various weaknesses
-- have various strictures on allowable consonants.
function check_radicals(form, weakness, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
local function hamza_check(index, rad)
if rad == HAMZA_ON_ALIF or rad == HAMZA_UNDER_ALIF or
rad == HAMZA_ON_W or rad == HAMZA_ON_Y then
error("Radical " .. index .. " is " .. rad .. " but should be ء (hamza on the line)")
end
end
local function check_waw_ya(index, rad)
if rad ~= W and rad ~= Y then
error("Radical " .. index .. " is " .. rad .. " but should be و or ي")
end
end
local function check_not_waw_ya(index, rad)
if rad == W or rad == Y then
error("In a sound verb, radical " .. index .. " should not be و or ي")
end
end
hamza_check(rad1)
hamza_check(rad2)
hamza_check(rad3)
hamza_check(rad4)
if weakness == "assimilated" or weakness == "assimilated+final-weak" then
if rad1 ~= W then
error("Radical 1 is " .. rad1 .. " but should be و")
end
-- don't check that non-assimilated form I verbs don't have wāw as their
-- first radical because some form-I verbs exist where a first-radical wāw
-- behaves as sound, e.g. wajuha yawjuhu "to be distinguished".
end
if weakness == "final-weak" or weakness == "assimilated+final-weak" then
if rad4 then
check_waw_ya(4, rad4)
else
check_waw_ya(3, rad3)
end
elseif form_supports_final_weak(form) then
-- non-final-weak verbs cannot have weak final radical if there's a corresponding
-- final-weak verb category. I think this is safe. We may have problems with
-- ḥayya/ḥayiya yaḥyā if we treat it as a geminate verb.
if rad4 then
check_not_waw_ya(4, rad4)
else
check_not_waw_ya(3, rad3)
end
end
if weakness == "hollow" then
check_waw_ya(2, rad2)
-- don't check that non-hollow verbs in forms that support hollow verbs
-- don't have wāw or yāʾ as their second radical because some verbs exist
-- where a middle-radical wāw/yāʾ behaves as sound, e.g. form-VIII izdawaja
-- "to be in pairs".
end
if weakness == "geminate" then
if rad4 then
error("Internal error. No geminate quadrilaterals, should not be seen.")
end
if rad2 ~= rad3 then
error("Weakness is geminate; radical 3 is " .. rad3 .. " but should be same as radical 2 " .. rad2 .. ".")
end
elseif form_supports_geminate(form) then
-- non-geminate verbs cannot have second and third radical same if there's
-- a corresponding geminate verb category. I think this is safe. We
-- don't fuss over double wāw or double yāʾ because this could legitimately
-- be a final-weak verb with middle wāw/yāʾ, treated as sound.
if rad4 then
error("Internal error. No quadrilaterals should support geminate verbs.")
end
if rad2 == rad3 and not is_waw_ya(rad2) then
error("Weakness is '" .. weakness .. "'; radical 2 and 3 are same at " .. rad2 .. " but should not be; consider making weakness 'geminate'")
end
end
end
function initialize_categories(data, form, weakness, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
-- We have to distinguish weakness by form and weakness by conjugation.
-- Weakness by form merely indicates the presence of weak letters in
-- certain positions in the radicals. Weakness by conjugation is related
-- to how the verbs are conjugated. For example, form-II verbs that are
-- "hollow by form" (middle radical is wāw or yāʾ) are conjugated as sound
-- verbs. Another example: form-I verbs with initial wāw are "assimilated
-- by form" and most are assimilated by conjugation as well, but a few
-- are sound by conjugation, e.g. wajuha yawjuhu "to be distinguished"
-- (rather than wajuha yajuhu); similarly for some hollow-by-form verbs
-- in various forms, e.g. form VIII izdawaja yazdawiju "to be in pairs"
-- (rather than izdāja yazdāju). When most references say just plain
-- "hollow" or "assimilated" or whatever verbs, they mean by form, so
-- we name the categories appropriately, where e.g. "Arabic hollow verbs"
-- means by form, "Arabic hollow verbs by conjugation" means by
-- conjugation.
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic form-" .. form .. " verbs")
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-" .. form .. " verbs")
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic " .. weakness .. " verbs by conjugation")
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic " .. weakness .. " verbs by conjugation")
if form_is_quadriliteral(form) then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic verbs with quadriliteral roots")
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic verbs with quadriliteral roots")
end
local formweak = {}
if is_waw_ya(rad1) then
table.insert(formweak, "assimilated")
end
if is_waw_ya(rad2) and rad4 == nil then
table.insert(formweak, "hollow")
end
if is_waw_ya(rad4) or rad4 == nil and is_waw_ya(rad3) then
table.insert(formweak, "final-weak")
end
if rad4 == nil and rad2 == rad3 then
table.insert(formweak, "geminate")
end
if rad1 == HAMZA or rad2 == HAMZA or rad3 == HAMZA or rad4 == HAMZA then
table.insert(formweak, "hamzated")
end
if #formweak == 0 then
table.insert(formweak, "sound")
end
for _, fw in ipairs(formweak) do
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic " .. fw .. " form-" .. form .. " verbs")
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic " .. fw .. " verbs")
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic " .. fw .. " form-" .. form .. " verbs")
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic " .. fw .. " verbs")
end
local function radical_is_ambiguous(rad)
return rad == "t" or rad == "w" or rad == "y"
end
local function radical_is_weak(rad)
return rad == W or rad == Y or rad == HAMZA
end
local ur1, ur2, ur3, ur4 =
data.unreg_rad1, data.unreg_rad2, data.unreg_rad3, data.unreg_rad4
-- Create headword categories based on the radicals. Do the following before
-- converting the Latin radicals into Arabic ones so we distinguish
-- between ambiguous and non-ambiguous radicals.
if radical_is_ambiguous(ur1) or radical_is_ambiguous(ur2) or
radical_is_ambiguous(ur3) or radical_is_ambiguous(ur4) then
table.insert(data.headword_categories,
"Arabic verbs with ambiguous radicals")
end
if radical_is_weak(ur1) then
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-" .. form ..
" verbs with " .. ur1 .. " as first radical")
end
if radical_is_weak(ur2) then
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-" .. form ..
" verbs with " .. ur2 .. " as second radical")
end
if radical_is_weak(ur3) then
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-" .. form ..
" verbs with " .. ur3 .. " as third radical")
end
if radical_is_weak(ur4) then
table.insert(data.headword_categories, "Arabic form-" .. form ..
" verbs with " .. ur4 .. " as fourth radical")
end
if data.passive == "only" then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic passive verbs")
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic verbs with full passive")
elseif data.passive == "only-impers" then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic passive verbs")
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic verbs with impersonal passive")
elseif data.passive == "impers" then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic verbs with impersonal passive")
elseif data.passive then
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic verbs with full passive")
else
table.insert(data.categories, "Arabic verbs lacking passive forms")
end
end
-------------------------------------------------------
-- Conjugation functions for specific conjugation types
-------------------------------------------------------
-- Check that the past or non-past vowel is a, i, or u. VOWEL is the vowel to
-- check and VTYPE indicates whether it's past or non-past and is used in
-- the error message.
function check_aiu(vtype, vowel)
if vowel ~= "a" and vowel ~= "i" and vowel ~= "u" then
error(vtype .. " vowel '" .. vowel .. "' should be a, i, or u")
end
end
-- Is radical wāw (و) or yāʾ (ي)?
function is_waw_ya(rad)
return rad == W or rad == Y
end
-- Check that radical is wāw (و) or yāʾ (ي), error if not
function check_waw_ya(rad)
if not is_waw_ya(rad) then
error("Expecting weak radical: '" .. rad .. "' should be " .. W .. " or " .. Y)
end
end
-- Is radical guttural? This favors a non-past vowel of "a"
function is_guttural(rad)
return rad == HAMZA or rad == "ه" or rad == "ع" or rad == "ح"
end
-- Derive default non-past vowel from past vowel. Most common possibilities are
-- a/u, a/i, a/a if rad2 or rad3 are guttural, i/a, u/u. We choose a/u over a/i.
function nonpast_from_past_vowel(past_vowel, rad2, rad3)
return past_vowel == "i" and "a" or past_vowel == "u" and "u" or
(is_guttural(rad2) or is_guttural(rad3)) and "a" or "u"
end
-- determine the imperative vowel based on non-past vowel
function imper_vowel_from_nonpast(nonpast_vowel)
if nonpast_vowel == "a" or nonpast_vowel == "i" then
return "i"
elseif nonpast_vowel == "u" then
return "u"
else
error("Non-past vowel '" .. nonpast_vowel .. "' isn't a, i, or u, should have been caught earlier")
end
end
-- Convert short vowel to equivalent long vowel (a -> alif, u -> wāw, i -> yāʾ).
function short_to_long_vowel(vowel)
if vowel == A then return ALIF
elseif vowel == I then return Y
elseif vowel == U then return W
else
error("Vowel '" .. vowel .. "' isn't a, i, or u, should have been caught earlier")
end
end
-- Implement form-I sound or assimilated verb. ASSIMILATED is true for
-- assimilated verbs.
local function make_form_i_sound_assimilated_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel, assimilated)
-- need to provide two vowels - past and non-past
past_vowel = past_vowel or "a"
nonpast_vowel = nonpast_vowel or nonpast_from_past_vowel(past_vowel, rad2, rad3)
check_aiu("past", past_vowel)
check_aiu("non-past", nonpast_vowel)
-- Verbal nouns (maṣādir) for form I are unpredictable and have to be supplied
insert_verbal_noun(data, args, {})
-- past and non-past stems, active and passive
local past_stem = rad1 .. A .. rad2 .. dia[past_vowel] .. rad3
local nonpast_stem = assimilated and rad2 .. dia[nonpast_vowel] .. rad3 or
rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. dia[nonpast_vowel] .. rad3
local ps_past_stem = rad1 .. U .. rad2 .. I .. rad3
local ps_nonpast_stem = rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. A .. rad3
-- determine the imperative vowel based on non-past vowel
local imper_vowel = imper_vowel_from_nonpast(nonpast_vowel)
-- imperative stem
-- check for irregular verb with reduced imperative (أَخَذَ or أَكَلَ or أَمَرَ)
local reducedimp = reduced_imperative_verb(rad1, rad2, rad3)
if reducedimp then
data.irregular = true
end
local imper_stem_suffix = rad2 .. dia[nonpast_vowel] .. rad3
local imper_stem_base = (assimilated or reducedimp) and "" or
ALIF .. dia[imper_vowel] ..
(rad1 == HAMZA and short_to_long_vowel(dia[imper_vowel]) or rad1 .. SK)
local imper_stem = imper_stem_base .. imper_stem_suffix
-- make parts
make_sound_verb(data, past_stem, ps_past_stem, nonpast_stem,
ps_nonpast_stem, imper_stem, "a")
-- Check for irregular verb سَأَلَ with alternative jussive and imperative.
-- Calling this after make_sound_verb() adds additional entries to the
-- paradigm parts.
if saal_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3) then
data.irregular = true
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "juss", "a", "سَل")
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-juss", "u", "سَل")
make_1stem_imperative(data, "سَل")
end
-- active participle
insert_part(data, "ap", rad1 .. AA .. rad2 .. I .. rad3 .. UNS)
-- passive participle
insert_part(data, "pp", MA .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. U .. "و" .. rad3 .. UNS)
end
conjugations["I-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel)
make_form_i_sound_assimilated_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel, false)
end
conjugations["I-assimilated"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel)
make_form_i_sound_assimilated_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel, "assimilated")
end
local function make_form_i_hayy_verb(data, args)
-- Verbal nouns (maṣādir) for form I are unpredictable and have to be supplied
insert_verbal_noun(data, args, {})
data.irregular = true
-- past and non-past stems, active and passive, and imperative stem
local past_c_stem = "حَيِي"
local past_v_stem_long = past_c_stem
local past_v_stem_short = "حَيّ"
local ps_past_c_stem = "حُيِي"
local ps_past_v_stem_long = ps_past_c_stem
local ps_past_v_stem_short = "حُيّ"
local nonpast_stem = "حْي"
local ps_nonpast_stem = nonpast_stem
local imper_stem = "اِ" .. nonpast_stem
-- make parts
past_2stem_conj(data, "perf", "-", past_c_stem)
past_2stem_conj(data, "ps-perf", "-", ps_past_c_stem)
local variant = args["variant"]
if variant == "short" or variant == "both" then
past_2stem_conj(data, "perf", past_v_stem_short, "-")
past_2stem_conj(data, "ps-perf", ps_past_v_stem_short, "-")
end
function inflect_long_variant(tense, long_stem, short_stem)
inflect_tense_1(data, tense, "",
{long_stem, long_stem, long_stem, long_stem, short_stem},
{past_endings[4], past_endings[5], past_endings[7], past_endings[8],
past_endings[12]},
{"3sm", "3sf", "3dm", "3df", "3pm"})
end
if variant == "long" or variant == "both" then
inflect_long_variant("perf", past_v_stem_long, past_v_stem_short)
inflect_long_variant("ps-perf", ps_past_v_stem_long, ps_past_v_stem_short)
end
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "impf", "a", nonpast_stem, indic_endings_aa)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "subj", "a", nonpast_stem, subj_endings_aa)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "juss", "a", nonpast_stem, juss_endings_aa)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-impf", "u", ps_nonpast_stem, indic_endings_aa)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-subj", "u", ps_nonpast_stem, subj_endings_aa)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-juss", "u", ps_nonpast_stem, juss_endings_aa)
inflect_tense_impr(data, imper_stem, impr_endings_aa)
-- active participle apparently does not exist for this verb
insert_part(data, "ap", {})
-- passive participle apparently does not exist for this verb
insert_part(data, "pp", {})
end
-- Implement form-I final-weak assimilated+final-weak verb. ASSIMILATED is true
-- for assimilated verbs.
local function make_form_i_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel, assimilated)
-- حَيَّ or حَيِيَ is weird enough that we handle it as a separate function
if hayy_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3) then
make_form_i_hayy_verb(data, args)
return
end
-- need to provide two vowels - past and non-past
local past_vowel = past_vowel or "a"
local nonpast_vowel = nonpast_vowel or past_vowel == "i" and "a" or
past_vowel == "u" and "u" or rad3 == Y and "i" or "u"
check_aiu("past", past_vowel)
check_aiu("non-past", nonpast_vowel)
-- Verbal nouns (maṣādir) for form I are unpredictable and have to be supplied
insert_verbal_noun(data, args, {})
-- past and non-past stems, active and passive, and imperative stem
local past_stem = rad1 .. A .. rad2
local ps_past_stem = rad1 .. U .. rad2
local nonpast_stem, ps_nonpast_stem, imper_stem
if raa_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3) then
data.irregular = true
nonpast_stem = rad1
ps_nonpast_stem = rad1
imper_stem = rad1
else
ps_nonpast_stem = rad1 .. SK .. rad2
if assimilated then
nonpast_stem = rad2
imper_stem = rad2
else
nonpast_stem = ps_nonpast_stem
-- determine the imperative vowel based on non-past vowel
local imper_vowel = imper_vowel_from_nonpast(nonpast_vowel)
imper_stem = ALIF .. dia[imper_vowel] ..
(rad1 == HAMZA and short_to_long_vowel(dia[imper_vowel])
or rad1 .. SK) ..
rad2
end
end
-- make parts
local past_suffs =
rad3 == Y and past_vowel == "a" and past_endings_ay or
rad3 == W and past_vowel == "a" and past_endings_aw or
past_vowel == "i" and past_endings_ii or
past_endings_uu
local indic_suffs, subj_suffs, juss_suffs, impr_suffs
if nonpast_vowel == "a" then
indic_suffs = indic_endings_aa
subj_suffs = subj_endings_aa
juss_suffs = juss_endings_aa
impr_suffs = impr_endings_aa
elseif nonpast_vowel == "i" then
indic_suffs = indic_endings_ii
subj_suffs = subj_endings_ii
juss_suffs = juss_endings_ii
impr_suffs = impr_endings_ii
else
assert(nonpast_vowel == "u")
indic_suffs = indic_endings_uu
subj_suffs = subj_endings_uu
juss_suffs = juss_endings_uu
impr_suffs = impr_endings_uu
end
make_final_weak_verb(data, past_stem, ps_past_stem, nonpast_stem,
ps_nonpast_stem, imper_stem, past_suffs, indic_suffs,
subj_suffs, juss_suffs, impr_suffs, "a")
-- active participle
insert_part(data, "ap", rad1 .. AA .. rad2 .. IN)
-- passive participle
insert_part(data, "pp", MA .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 ..
(rad3 == Y and II or UU) .. SH .. UNS)
end
conjugations["I-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel)
make_form_i_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel, false)
end
conjugations["I-assimilated+final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel)
make_form_i_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel, "assimilated")
end
conjugations["I-hollow"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel)
-- need to specify up to two vowels, past and non-past
-- default past vowel to short equivalent of middle radical
local past_vowel = past_vowel or rad2 == Y and "i" or "u"
-- default non-past vowel to past vowel, unless it's "a", in which case
-- we default to short equivalent of middle radical
local nonpast_vowel = nonpast_vowel or past_vowel ~= "a" and past_vowel or
rad2 == Y and "i" or "u"
check_aiu("past", past_vowel)
check_aiu("non-past", nonpast_vowel)
-- Formerly we signaled an error when past_vowel is "a" but that seems
-- too harsh. We can interpret a past vowel of "a" as meaning to use the
-- non-past vowel in forms requiring a short vowel. If the non-past vowel
-- is "a" then the past vowel can only be "i" (e.g. in nāma yanāmu with
-- first singular past of nimtu).
if past_vowel == "a" then
-- error("For form I hollow, past vowel cannot be 'a'")
past_vowel = nonpast_vowel == "a" and "i" or nonpast_vowel
end
local lengthened_nonpast = nonpast_vowel == "u" and UU or
nonpast_vowel == "i" and II or AA
-- Verbal nouns (maṣādir) for form I are unpredictable and have to be supplied
insert_verbal_noun(data, args, {})
-- active past stems - vowel (v) and consonant (c)
local past_v_stem = rad1 .. AA .. rad3
local past_c_stem = rad1 .. dia[past_vowel] .. rad3
-- active non-past stems - vowel (v) and consonant (c)
local nonpast_v_stem = rad1 .. lengthened_nonpast .. rad3
local nonpast_c_stem = rad1 .. dia[nonpast_vowel] .. rad3
-- passive past stems - vowel (v) and consonant (c)
-- 'ufīla, 'ufiltu
local ps_past_v_stem = rad1 .. II .. rad3
local ps_past_c_stem = rad1 .. I .. rad3
-- passive non-past stems - vowel (v) and consonant (c)
-- yufāla/yufalna
-- stem is built differently but conjugation is identical to sound verbs
local ps_nonpast_v_stem = rad1 .. AA .. rad3
local ps_nonpast_c_stem = rad1 .. A .. rad3
-- imperative stem
local imper_v_stem = nonpast_v_stem
local imper_c_stem = nonpast_c_stem
-- make parts
make_hollow_geminate_verb(data, past_v_stem, past_c_stem, ps_past_v_stem,
ps_past_c_stem, nonpast_v_stem, nonpast_c_stem, ps_nonpast_v_stem,
ps_nonpast_c_stem, imper_v_stem, imper_c_stem, "a", false)
-- active participle
insert_part(data, "ap", rad3 == HAMZA and rad1 .. AA .. HAMZA .. IN or
rad1 .. AA .. HAMZA .. I .. rad3 .. UNS)
-- passive participle
insert_part(data, "pp", MA .. rad1 .. (rad2 == Y and II or UU) .. rad3 .. UNS)
end
conjugations["I-geminate"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3,
past_vowel, nonpast_vowel)
-- need to specify two vowels, past and non-past
local past_vowel = past_vowel or "a"
local nonpast_vowel = nonpast_vowel or nonpast_from_past_vowel(past_vowel, rad2, rad3)
-- Verbal nouns (maṣādir) for form I are unpredictable and have to be supplied
insert_verbal_noun(data, args, {})
-- active past stems - vowel (v) and consonant (c)
local past_v_stem = rad1 .. A .. rad2 .. SH
local past_c_stem = rad1 .. A .. rad2 .. dia[past_vowel] .. rad2
-- active non-past stems - vowel (v) and consonant (c)
local nonpast_v_stem = rad1 .. dia[nonpast_vowel] .. rad2 .. SH
local nonpast_c_stem = rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. dia[nonpast_vowel] .. rad2
-- passive past stems - vowel (v) and consonant (c)
-- dulla/dulilta
local ps_past_v_stem = rad1 .. U .. rad2 .. SH
local ps_past_c_stem = rad1 .. U .. rad2 .. I .. rad2
-- passive non-past stems - vowel (v) and consonant (c)
--yudallu/yudlalna
-- stem is built differently but conjugation is identical to sound verbs
local ps_nonpast_v_stem = rad1 .. A .. rad2 .. SH
local ps_nonpast_c_stem = rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. A .. rad2
-- determine the imperative vowel based on non-past vowel
local imper_vowel = imper_vowel_from_nonpast(nonpast_vowel)
-- imperative stem
local imper_v_stem = rad1 .. dia[nonpast_vowel] .. rad2 .. SH
local imper_c_stem = ALIF .. dia[imper_vowel] ..
(rad1 == HAMZA and short_to_long_vowel(dia[imper_vowel]) or rad1 .. SK) ..
rad2 .. dia[nonpast_vowel] .. rad2
-- make parts
make_hollow_geminate_verb(data, past_v_stem, past_c_stem, ps_past_v_stem,
ps_past_c_stem, nonpast_v_stem, nonpast_c_stem, ps_nonpast_v_stem,
ps_nonpast_c_stem, imper_v_stem, imper_c_stem, "a", "geminate")
-- active participle
insert_part(data, "ap", rad1 .. AA .. rad2 .. SH .. UNS)
-- passive participle
insert_part(data, "pp", MA .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. U .. "و" .. rad2 .. UNS)
end
-- Make form II or V sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD3 = nil, and FORM distinguishes II from V.
function make_form_ii_v_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, form)
local final_weak = rad3 == nil
local vn = form == "V" and
"تَ" .. rad1 .. A .. rad2 .. SH ..
(final_weak and IN or U .. rad3 .. UNS) or
"تَ" .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. I .. "ي" ..
(final_weak and AH or rad3) .. UNS
local ta_pref = form == "V" and "تَ" or ""
local tu_pref = form == "V" and "تُ" or ""
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = ta_pref .. rad1 .. A .. rad2 .. SH
local nonpast_stem_base = past_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = tu_pref .. rad1 .. U .. rad2 .. SH
-- make parts
make_augmented_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, form)
end
conjugations["II-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_ii_v_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, "II")
end
conjugations["II-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_ii_v_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil, "II")
end
-- Make form III or VI sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD3 = nil, and FORM distinguishes III from VI.
function make_form_iii_vi_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, form)
local final_weak = rad3 == nil
local vn = form == "VI" and
"تَ" .. rad1 .. AA .. rad2 ..
(final_weak and IN or U .. rad3 .. UNS) or
{MU .. rad1 .. AA .. rad2 .. (final_weak and AAH or A .. rad3 .. AH) .. UNS,
rad1 .. I .. rad2 .. AA .. (final_weak and HAMZA or rad3) .. UNS}
local ta_pref = form == "VI" and "تَ" or ""
local tu_pref = form == "VI" and "تُ" or ""
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = ta_pref .. rad1 .. AA .. rad2
local nonpast_stem_base = past_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = tu_pref .. rad1 .. UU .. rad2
-- make parts
make_augmented_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, form)
end
conjugations["III-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_iii_vi_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, "III")
end
conjugations["III-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_iii_vi_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil, "III")
end
-- Make form III or VI geminate verb. FORM distinguishes III from VI.
function make_form_iii_vi_geminate_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, form)
-- alternative verbal noun فِعَالٌ will be inserted when we add sound parts below
local vn = form == "VI" and
{"تَ" .. rad1 .. AA .. rad2 .. SH .. UNS} or
{MU .. rad1 .. AA .. rad2 .. SH .. AH .. UNS}
local ta_pref = form == "VI" and "تَ" or ""
local tu_pref = form == "VI" and "تُ" or ""
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = ta_pref .. rad1 .. AA
local nonpast_stem_base = past_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = tu_pref .. rad1 .. UU
-- make parts
make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad2,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, form)
-- Also add alternative sound (non-compressed) parts. This will lead to
-- some duplicate entries, but they are removed in get_spans().
make_form_iii_vi_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad2, form)
end
conjugations["III-geminate"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_iii_vi_geminate_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, "III")
end
-- Make form IV sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD3 = nil.
function make_form_iv_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local final_weak = rad3 == nil
-- core of stem base, minus stem prefixes
local stem_core
-- check for irregular verb أَرَى
if raa_radicals(rad1, rad2, final_weak and Y or rad3) then
data.irregular = true
stem_core = rad1
else
stem_core = rad1 .. SK .. rad2
end
-- verbal noun
local vn = HAMZA .. I .. stem_core .. AA ..
(final_weak and HAMZA or rad3) .. UNS
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = HAMZA .. A .. stem_core
local nonpast_stem_base = stem_core
local ps_past_stem_base = HAMZA .. U .. stem_core
-- make parts
make_augmented_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "IV")
end
conjugations["IV-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_iv_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
end
conjugations["IV-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_iv_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil)
end
conjugations["IV-hollow"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
-- verbal noun
local vn = HAMZA .. I .. rad1 .. AA .. rad3 .. AH .. UNS
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = HAMZA .. A .. rad1
local nonpast_stem_base = rad1
local ps_past_stem_base = HAMZA .. U .. rad1
-- make parts
make_augmented_hollow_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "IV")
end
conjugations["IV-geminate"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local vn = HAMZA .. I .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. AA .. rad2 .. UNS
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = HAMZA .. A .. rad1
local nonpast_stem_base = rad1
local ps_past_stem_base = HAMZA .. U .. rad1
-- make parts
make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad2,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "IV")
end
conjugations["V-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_ii_v_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, "V")
end
conjugations["V-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_ii_v_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil, "V")
end
conjugations["VI-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_iii_vi_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, "VI")
end
conjugations["VI-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_iii_vi_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil, "VI")
end
conjugations["VI-geminate"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_iii_vi_geminate_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, "VI")
end
-- Make a verbal noun of the general form that applies to forms VII and above.
-- RAD12 is the first consonant cluster (after initial اِ) and RAD34 is the
-- second consonant cluster. RAD5 is the final consonant, or nil for final-weak
-- verbs.
function high_form_verbal_noun(rad12, rad34, rad5)
return "اِ" .. rad12 .. I .. rad34 .. AA ..
(rad5 == nil and HAMZA or rad5) .. UNS
end
-- Populate a sound or final-weak verb for any of the various high-numbered
-- augmented forms (form VII and up) that have up to 5 consonants in two
-- clusters in the stem and the same pattern of vowels between.
-- Some of these consonants in certain verb parts are w's, which leads to apparent
-- anomalies in certain stems of these parts, but these anomalies are handled
-- automatically in postprocessing, where we resolve sequences of iwC -> īC,
-- uwC -> ūC, w + sukūn + w -> w + shadda.
--
-- RAD12 is the first consonant cluster (after initial اِ) and RAD34 is the
-- second consonant cluster. RAD5 is the final consonant, or nil for final-weak
-- verbs.
function make_high_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad12, rad34, rad5, form)
local final_weak = rad5 == nil
local vn = high_form_verbal_noun(rad12, rad34, rad5)
-- various stem bases
local nonpast_stem_base = rad12 .. A .. rad34
local past_stem_base = "اِ" .. nonpast_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُ" .. rad12 .. U .. rad34
-- make parts
make_augmented_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad5,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, form)
end
-- Make form VII sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD3 = nil.
function make_form_vii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_high_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, "نْ" .. rad1, rad2, rad3, "VII")
end
conjugations["VII-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_vii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
end
conjugations["VII-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_vii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil)
end
conjugations["VII-hollow"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local nrad1 = "نْ" .. rad1
local vn = high_form_verbal_noun(nrad1, Y, rad3)
-- various stem bases
local nonpast_stem_base = nrad1
local past_stem_base = "اِ" ..nonpast_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُ" .. nrad1
-- make parts
make_augmented_hollow_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "VII")
end
conjugations["VII-geminate"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local nrad1 = "نْ" .. rad1
local vn = high_form_verbal_noun(nrad1, rad2, rad2)
-- various stem bases
local nonpast_stem_base = nrad1 .. A
local past_stem_base = "اِ" .. nonpast_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُ" .. nrad1 .. U
-- make parts
make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad2,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "VII")
end
-- Join the infixed tā' (ت) to the first radical in form VIII verbs. This may
-- cause assimilation of the tā' to the radical or in some cases the radical to
-- the tā'.
function join_ta(rad)
if rad == W or rad == Y or rad == "ت" then return "تّ"
elseif rad == "د" then return "دّ"
elseif rad == "ث" then return "ثّ"
elseif rad == "ذ" then return "ذّ"
elseif rad == "ز" then return "زْد"
elseif rad == "ص" then return "صْط"
elseif rad == "ض" then return "ضْط"
elseif rad == "ط" then return "طّ"
elseif rad == "ظ" then return "ظّ"
else return rad .. SK .. "ت"
end
end
-- Return Form VIII verbal noun. RAD3 is nil for final-weak verbs. If RAD1 is
-- hamza, there are two alternatives.
function form_viii_verbal_noun(rad1, rad2, rad3)
local vn = high_form_verbal_noun(join_ta(rad1), rad2, rad3)
if rad1 == HAMZA then
return {vn, high_form_verbal_noun(Y .. T, rad2, rad3)}
else
return {vn}
end
end
-- Make form VIII sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD3 = nil.
function make_form_viii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
-- check for irregular verb اِتَّخَذَ
if axadh_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3) then
data.irregular = true
rad1 = T
end
make_high_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, join_ta(rad1), rad2, rad3,
"VIII")
-- Add alternative parts if verb is first-hamza. Any duplicates are
-- removed in get_spans().
if rad1 == HAMZA then
local vn = form_viii_verbal_noun(rad1, rad2, rad3)
local past_stem_base2 = "اِيتَ" .. rad2
local nonpast_stem_base2 = join_ta(rad1) .. A .. rad2
local ps_past_stem_base2 = "اُوتُ" .. rad2
make_augmented_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base2, nonpast_stem_base2, ps_past_stem_base2, vn, "VIII")
end
end
conjugations["VIII-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_viii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
end
conjugations["VIII-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_viii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil)
end
conjugations["VIII-hollow"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local vn = form_viii_verbal_noun(rad1, Y, rad3)
-- various stem bases
local nonpast_stem_base = join_ta(rad1)
local past_stem_base = "اِ" .. nonpast_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُ" .. nonpast_stem_base
-- make parts
make_augmented_hollow_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "VIII")
-- Add alternative parts if verb is first-hamza. Any duplicates are
-- removed in get_spans().
if rad1 == HAMZA then
local past_stem_base2 = "اِيت"
local nonpast_stem_base2 = nonpast_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base2 = "اُوت"
make_augmented_hollow_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base2, nonpast_stem_base2, ps_past_stem_base2, vn, "VIII")
end
end
conjugations["VIII-geminate"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local vn = form_viii_verbal_noun(rad1, rad2, rad2)
-- various stem bases
local nonpast_stem_base = join_ta(rad1) .. A
local past_stem_base = "اِ" .. nonpast_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُ" .. join_ta(rad1) .. U
-- make parts
make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad2,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "VIII")
-- Add alternative parts if verb is first-hamza. Any duplicates are
-- removed in get_spans().
if rad1 == HAMZA then
local past_stem_base2 = "اِيتَ"
local nonpast_stem_base2 = nonpast_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base2 = "اُوتُ"
make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad2,
past_stem_base2, nonpast_stem_base2, ps_past_stem_base2, vn, "VIII")
end
end
conjugations["IX-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local ipref = "اِ"
local vn = ipref .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. I .. rad3 .. AA .. rad3 .. UNS
-- various stem bases
local nonpast_stem_base = rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. A
local past_stem_base = ipref .. nonpast_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُ" .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. U
-- make parts
make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "IX")
end
conjugations["IX-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
error("FIXME: Not yet implemented")
end
-- Populate a sound or final-weak verb for any of the various high-numbered
-- augmented forms that have 5 consonants in the stem and the same pattern of
-- vowels. Some of these consonants in certain verb parts are w's, which leads to
-- apparent anomalies in certain stems of these parts, but these anomalies
-- are handled automatically in postprocessing, where we resolve sequences of
-- iwC -> īC, uwC -> ūC, w + sukūn + w -> w + shadda.
function make_high5_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4, rad5, form)
make_high_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1 .. SK .. rad2,
rad3 .. SK .. rad4, rad5, form)
end
-- Make form X sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD3 = nil.
function make_form_x_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_high5_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, S, T, rad1, rad2, rad3, "X")
-- check for irregular verb اِسْتَحْيَا (also اِسْتَحَى)
if hayy_radicals(rad1, rad2, rad3 or Y) then
data.irregular = true
-- Add alternative entries to the verbal paradigms. Any duplicates are
-- removed in get_spans().
make_high_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, S .. SK .. T, rad1, rad3, "X")
end
end
conjugations["X-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_x_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
end
conjugations["X-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_x_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil)
end
conjugations["X-hollow"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local vn = "اِسْتِ" .. rad1 .. AA .. rad3 .. AH .. UNS
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = "اِسْتَ" .. rad1
local nonpast_stem_base = "سْتَ" .. rad1
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُسْتُ" .. rad1
-- make parts
make_augmented_hollow_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "X")
end
conjugations["X-geminate"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local vn = "اِسْتِ" .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. AA .. rad2 .. UNS
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = "اِسْتَ" .. rad1
local nonpast_stem_base = "سْتَ" .. rad1
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُسْتُ" .. rad1
-- make parts
make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad2,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "X")
end
conjugations["XI-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
local ipref = "اِ"
local vn = ipref .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. II .. rad3 .. AA .. rad3 .. UNS
-- various stem bases
local nonpast_stem_base = rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. AA
local past_stem_base = ipref .. nonpast_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُ" .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. UU
-- make parts
make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "XI")
end
-- probably no form XI final-weak, since already geminate in form; would behave as XI-sound
-- Make form XII sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD3 = nil.
function make_form_xii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_high5_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, W, rad2, rad3, "XII")
end
conjugations["XII-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_xii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
end
conjugations["XII-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_xii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil)
end
-- Make form XIII sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD3 = nil.
function make_form_xiii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_high5_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, W, W, rad3, "XIII")
end
conjugations["XIII-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_xiii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
end
conjugations["XIII-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_xiii_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, nil)
end
-- Make a form XIV or XV sound or final-weak verb. Last radical appears twice
-- (if`anlala / yaf`anlilu) so if it were w or y you'd get if`anwā / yaf`anwī
-- or if`anyā / yaf`anyī, i.e. we need the identity of the radical, so the
-- normal trick of passing nil as rad3 into these types of functions won't work.
-- Instead we pass the full radical as well as a flag indicating whether the
-- verb is final-weak. The last radical need not be w or y; in fact this is
-- exactly what form XV is about.
function make_form_xiv_xv_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, final_weak, form)
local lastrad = not final_weak and rad3 or nil
make_high5_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, N, rad3, lastrad, form)
end
conjugations["XIV-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_xiv_xv_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, false, "XIV")
end
conjugations["XIV-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_xiv_xv_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, true, "XIV")
end
conjugations["XV-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3)
make_form_xiv_xv_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, true, "XV")
end
-- probably no form XV final-weak, since already final-weak in form; would behave as XV-sound
-- Make form Iq or IIq sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD4 = nil. FORM distinguishes Iq from IIq.
function make_form_iq_iiq_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4, form)
local final_weak = rad4 == nil
local vn = form == "IIq" and
"تَ" .. rad1 .. A .. rad2 .. SK .. rad3 ..
(final_weak and IN or U .. rad4 .. UNS) or
rad1 .. A .. rad2 .. SK .. rad3 ..
(final_weak and AAH or A .. rad4 .. AH) .. UNS
local ta_pref = form == "IIq" and "تَ" or ""
local tu_pref = form == "IIq" and "تُ" or ""
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = ta_pref .. rad1 .. A .. rad2 .. SK .. rad3
local nonpast_stem_base = past_stem_base
local ps_past_stem_base = tu_pref .. rad1 .. U .. rad2 .. SK .. rad3
-- make parts
make_augmented_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad4,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, form)
end
conjugations["Iq-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
make_form_iq_iiq_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4, "Iq")
end
conjugations["Iq-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
make_form_iq_iiq_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, nil, "Iq")
end
conjugations["IIq-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
make_form_iq_iiq_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4, "IIq")
end
conjugations["IIq-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
make_form_iq_iiq_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, nil, "IIq")
end
-- Make form IIIq sound or final-weak verb. Final-weak verbs are identified
-- by RAD4 = nil.
function make_form_iiiq_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
make_high5_form_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, N, rad3, rad4, "IIIq")
end
conjugations["IIIq-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
make_form_iiiq_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
end
conjugations["IIIq-final-weak"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
make_form_iiiq_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, nil)
end
conjugations["IVq-sound"] = function(data, args, rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4)
local ipref = "اِ"
local vn = ipref .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. I .. rad3 .. SK .. rad4 .. AA .. rad4 .. UNS
-- various stem bases
local past_stem_base = ipref .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. A .. rad3
local nonpast_stem_base = rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. A .. rad3
local ps_past_stem_base = "اُ" .. rad1 .. SK .. rad2 .. U .. rad3
-- make parts
make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad4,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, "IVq")
end
-- probably no form IVq final-weak, since already geminate in form; would behave as IVq-sound
------------------------------------
-- Basic functions to inflect tenses
------------------------------------
-- Implementation of inflect_tense(). See that function. Also used directly
-- to add the imperative, which has only five parts.
function inflect_tense_1(data, tense, prefixes, stems, endings, pnums)
if prefixes == nil then
error("For tense '" .. tense .. "', prefixes = nil")
end
if stems == nil then
error("For tense '" .. tense .. "', stems = nil")
end
if endings == nil then
error("For tense '" .. tense .. "', endings = nil")
end
if type(prefixes) == "table" and #pnums ~= #prefixes then
error("For tense '" .. tense .. "', found " .. #prefixes .. " prefixes but expected " .. #pnums)
end
if type(stems) == "table" and #pnums ~= #stems then
error("For tense '" .. tense .. "', found " .. #stems .. " stems but expected " .. #pnums)
end
if #pnums ~= #endings then
error("For tense '" .. tense .. "', found " .. #endings .. " endings but expected " .. #pnums)
end
-- First, initialize any nil entries to sequences.
for i, pnum in ipairs(pnums) do
if data.forms[pnum .. "-" .. tense] == nil then
data.forms[pnum .. "-" .. tense] = {}
end
end
-- Now add entries
for i = 1, #pnums do
-- Extract endings for this person-number combo
local ends = endings[i]
if type(ends) == "string" then ends = {ends} end
-- Extract prefix for this person-number combo
local prefix = prefixes
if type(prefix) == "table" then prefix = prefix[i] end
-- Extract stem for this person-number combo
local stem = stems
if type(stem) == "table" then stem = stem[i] end
-- Add entries for stem + endings
for j, ending in ipairs(ends) do
-- allow some inflections to be skipped; useful for generating
-- partly irregular inflections
if prefix ~= "-" and stem ~= "-" then
local part = prefix .. stem .. ending
if ine(part) and part ~= "-"
-- and (not data.impers or pnums[i] == "3sg")
then
table.insert(data.forms[pnums[i] .. "-" .. tense], part)
end
end
end
end
end
-- Add to DATA the inflections for the tense indicated by TENSE (the suffix
-- in the forms names, e.g. 'perf'), formed by combining the PREFIXES
-- (either a single string or a sequence of 13 strings), STEMS
-- (either a single string or a sequence of 13 strings) with the
-- ENDINGS (a sequence of 13 values, each of which is either a string
-- or a sequence of one or more possible endings). If existing
-- inflections already exist, they will be added to, not overridden.
-- If any value of PREFIXES or STEMS is the string "-", then the corresponding
-- inflection will be skipped.
function inflect_tense(data, tense, prefixes, stems, endings)
local pnums = {"1s", "2sm", "2sf", "3sm", "3sf",
"2d", "3dm", "3df",
"1p", "2pm", "2pf", "3pm", "3pf"}
inflect_tense_1(data, tense, prefixes, stems, endings, pnums)
end
-- Like inflect_tense() but for the imperative, which has only five parts
-- instead of 13.
function inflect_tense_impr(data, stems, endings)
local pnums = {"2sm", "2sf", "2d", "2pm", "2pf"}
if data.noimp then
endings = {{}, {}, {}, {}, {}}
end
inflect_tense_1(data, "impr", "", stems, endings, pnums)
end
-- Add VALUE (a string or array) to the end of any entries in DATA.forms[NAME],
-- initializing it to an empty array if needed.
function insert_part(data, name, value)
if data.forms[name] == nil then
data.forms[name] = {}
end
if type(value) == "table" then
data.forms[name] = value
else
table.insert(data.forms[name], value)
end
end
-- Insert verbal noun VN into DATA.forms["vn"], but allow it to be overridden by
-- ARGS["vn"].
function insert_verbal_noun(data, args, vn)
local vns = args["vn"] and rsplit(args["vn"], "[,،]") or vn
if type(vns) ~= "table" then
vns = {vns}
end
vns.ids = {}
for i = 1, #vns do
local id = args["vn-id" .. i]
if id then
vns.ids[i] = id
end
end
-------------------- Begin verbal-noun i3rab tracking code ---------------
-- Examples of what you can find by looking at what links to the given
-- pages:
--
-- Template:tracking/ar-verb/vn/i3rab/un (pages with verbal nouns with -un
-- i3rab, whether explicitly specified, i.e. using vn=, or auto-generated,
-- as is normal for augmented forms)
-- Template:tracking/ar-verb/explicit-vn/i3rab/u (pages with explicitly
-- specified verbal nouns with -u i3rab)
-- Template:tracking/ar-verb/explicit-vn/i3rab/an-tall (pages with
-- explicitly specified verbal nouns with tall-alif -an i3rab)
-- Template:tracking/ar-verb/auto-vn/i3rab (pages with auto-generated verbal
-- nouns with any sort of i3rab)
-- Template:tracking/ar-verb/vn/no-i3rab (pages with verbal nouns without
-- i3rab)
-- Template:tracking/ar-verb/vn/would-be-decl/di (pages with verbal nouns
-- that would be detected as diptote without explicit i3rab)
function vntrack(pagesuff)
track("vn/" .. pagesuff)
if args["vn"] then
track("explicit-vn/" .. pagesuff)
else
track("auto-vn/" .. pagesuff)
end
end
function track_i3rab(entry, arabic, tr)
if rfind(entry, arabic .. "$") then
vntrack("i3rab")
vntrack("i3rab/" .. tr)
end
end
for _, entry in ipairs(vns) do
-- Need to do this else we will have problems with VN's whose stem ends
-- in shadda.
entry = reorder_shadda(entry)
track_i3rab(entry, UN, "un")
track_i3rab(entry, U, "u")
track_i3rab(entry, IN, "in")
track_i3rab(entry, I, "i")
track_i3rab(entry, AN .. "[" .. ALIF .. AMAQ .. "]", "an")
track_i3rab(entry, AN .. ALIF, "an-tall")
track_i3rab(entry, A, "a")
track_i3rab(entry, SK, "sk")
if not rfind(entry, "[" .. A .. I .. U .. AN .. IN .. UN .. DAGGER_ALIF .. "]$") and
not rfind(entry, AN .. "[" .. ALIF .. AMAQ .. "]") then
vntrack("no-i3rab")
end
entry = rsub(entry, UNU .. "?$", "")
-- Figure out what the decltype would be without any explicit -un
-- or -u added, to see whether there are any nouns that would be
-- detected as diptotes, e.g. of the فَعْلَان pattern.
local decltype = ar_nominals.detect_type(entry, false, "sg", "noun")
vntrack("would-be-decl/" .. decltype)
end
-------------------- End verbal-noun i3rab tracking code ---------------
if no_nominal_i3rab then
vns_no_i3rab = {}
for _, entry in ipairs(vns) do
entry = reorder_shadda(entry)
entry = rsub(entry, UNU .. "?$", "")
table.insert(vns_no_i3rab, entry)
end
if vns.ids then
vns_no_i3rab.ids = vns.ids
end
insert_part(data, "vn", vns_no_i3rab)
else
insert_part(data, "vn", vns)
end
end
--------------------------------------
-- functions to inflect the past tense
--------------------------------------
--generate past verbs using specified vowel and consonant stems; works for
--sound, assimilated, hollow, and geminate verbs, active and passive
function past_2stem_conj(data, tense, v_stem, c_stem)
inflect_tense(data, tense, "", {
-- singular
c_stem, c_stem, c_stem, v_stem, v_stem,
--dual
c_stem, v_stem, v_stem,
-- plural
c_stem, c_stem, c_stem, v_stem, c_stem
}, past_endings)
end
--generate past verbs using single specified stem; works for sound and
--assimilated verbs, active and passive
function past_1stem_conj(data, tense, stem)
past_2stem_conj(data, tense, stem, stem)
end
---------------------------------------
-- functions to inflect non-past tenses
---------------------------------------
-- Generate non-past conjugation, with two stems, for vowel-initial and
-- consonant-initial endings, respectively. Useful for active and passive;
-- for all forms; for all weaknesses (sound, assimilated, hollow, final-weak
-- and geminate) and for all types of non-past (indicative, subjunctive,
-- jussive) except for the imperative. (There is a separate function below
-- for geminate jussives because they have three alternants.) Both stems may
-- be the same, e.g. for sound verbs.
--
-- PREFIXES will generally be either "a" (= 'nonpast_prefixes_a', for active
-- forms I and V - X) or "u" (= 'nonpast_prefixes_u', for active forms II - IV
-- and Iq and all passive forms). Otherwise, it should be either a single string
-- (often "") or an array (table) of 13 items. ENDINGS should similarly be an
-- array of 13 items. If ENDINGS is nil or omitted, infer the endings from
-- the tense. If JUSSIVE is true, or ENDINGS is nil and TENSE indicatives
-- jussive, use the jussive pattern of vowel/consonant stems (different from the
-- normal ones).
function nonpast_2stem_conj(data, tense, prefixes, v_stem, c_stem, endings, jussive)
if prefixes == "a" then prefixes = nonpast_prefixes_a
elseif prefixes == "u" then prefixes = nonpast_prefixes_u
end
if endings == nil then
if tense == "impf" or tense == "ps-impf" then
endings = indic_endings
elseif tense == "subj" or tense == "ps-subj" then
endings = subj_endings
elseif tense == "juss" or tense == "ps-juss" then
jussive = true
endings = juss_endings
else
error("Unrecognized tense '" .. tense .."'")
end
end
if not jussive then
inflect_tense(data, tense, prefixes, {
-- singular
v_stem, v_stem, v_stem, v_stem, v_stem,
--dual
v_stem, v_stem, v_stem,
-- plural
v_stem, v_stem, c_stem, v_stem, c_stem
}, endings)
else
inflect_tense(data, tense, prefixes, {
-- singular
-- 'adlul, tadlul, tadullī, yadlul, tadlul
c_stem, c_stem, v_stem, c_stem, c_stem,
--dual
-- tadullā, yadullā, tadullā
v_stem, v_stem, v_stem,
-- plural
-- nadlul, tadullū, tadlulna, yadullū, yadlulna
c_stem, v_stem, c_stem, v_stem, c_stem
}, endings)
end
end
-- Generate non-past conjugation with one stem (no distinct stems for
-- vowel-initial and consonant-initial endings). See nonpast_2stem_conj().
function nonpast_1stem_conj(data, tense, prefixes, stem, endings, jussive)
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, tense, prefixes, stem, stem, endings, jussive)
end
-- Generate active/passive jussive geminative. There are three alternants, two
-- with terminations -a and -i and one in a null termination with a distinct
-- pattern of vowel/consonant stem usage. See nonpast_2stem_conj() for a
-- description of the arguments.
function jussive_gem_conj(data, tense, prefixes, v_stem, c_stem)
-- alternative in -a
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, tense, prefixes, v_stem, c_stem, juss_endings_alt_a)
-- alternative in -i
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, tense, prefixes, v_stem, c_stem, juss_endings_alt_i)
-- alternative in -null; requires different combination of v_stem and
-- c_stem since the null endings require the c_stem (e.g. "tadlul" here)
-- whereas the corresponding endings above in -a or -i require the v_stem
-- (e.g. "tadulla, tadulli" above)
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, tense, prefixes, v_stem, c_stem, juss_endings, "jussive")
end
--------------------------------------
-- functions to inflect the imperative
--------------------------------------
-- generate imperative parts for sound or assimilated verbs
function make_1stem_imperative(data, stem)
inflect_tense_impr(data, stem, impr_endings)
end
-- generate imperative parts for two-stem verbs (hollow or geminate)
function make_2stem_imperative(data, v_stem, c_stem)
inflect_tense_impr(data,
{c_stem, v_stem, v_stem, v_stem, c_stem}, impr_endings)
end
-- generate imperative parts for geminate verbs form I (also IV, VII, VIII, X)
function make_gem_imperative(data, v_stem, c_stem)
inflect_tense_impr(data,
{v_stem, v_stem, v_stem, v_stem, c_stem}, impr_endings_alt_a)
inflect_tense_impr(data,
{v_stem, v_stem, v_stem, v_stem, c_stem}, impr_endings_alt_i)
make_2stem_imperative(data, v_stem, c_stem)
end
------------------------------------
-- functions to inflect entire verbs
------------------------------------
-- generate finite parts of a sound verb (also works for assimilated verbs)
-- from five stems (past and non-past, active and passive, plus imperative)
-- plus the prefix vowel in the active non-past ("a" or "u")
function make_sound_verb(data, past_stem, ps_past_stem, nonpast_stem,
ps_nonpast_stem, imper_stem, prefix_vowel)
past_1stem_conj(data, "perf", past_stem)
past_1stem_conj(data, "ps-perf", ps_past_stem)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "impf", prefix_vowel, nonpast_stem)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "subj", prefix_vowel, nonpast_stem)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "juss", prefix_vowel, nonpast_stem)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-impf", "u", ps_nonpast_stem)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-subj", "u", ps_nonpast_stem)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-juss", "u", ps_nonpast_stem)
make_1stem_imperative(data, imper_stem)
end
-- generate finite parts of a final-weak verb from five stems (past and
-- non-past, active and passive, plus imperative), five sets of
-- suffixes (past, non-past indicative/subjunctive/jussive, imperative)
-- and the prefix vowel in the active non-past ("a" or "u")
function make_final_weak_verb(data, past_stem, ps_past_stem, nonpast_stem,
ps_nonpast_stem, imper_stem, past_suffs, indic_suffs,
subj_suffs, juss_suffs, impr_suffs, prefix_vowel)
inflect_tense(data, "perf", "", past_stem, past_suffs)
inflect_tense(data, "ps-perf", "", ps_past_stem, past_endings_ii)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "impf", prefix_vowel, nonpast_stem, indic_suffs)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "subj", prefix_vowel, nonpast_stem, subj_suffs)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "juss", prefix_vowel, nonpast_stem, juss_suffs)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-impf", "u", ps_nonpast_stem, indic_endings_aa)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-subj", "u", ps_nonpast_stem, subj_endings_aa)
nonpast_1stem_conj(data, "ps-juss", "u", ps_nonpast_stem, juss_endings_aa)
inflect_tense_impr(data, imper_stem, impr_suffs)
end
-- generate finite parts of an augmented (form II+) final-weak verb from five
-- stems (past and non-past, active and passive, plus imperative) plus the
-- prefix vowel in the active non-past ("a" or "u") and a flag indicating if
-- behave like a form V/VI verb in taking non-past endings in -ā instead of -ī
function make_augmented_final_weak_verb(data, past_stem, ps_past_stem,
nonpast_stem, ps_nonpast_stem, imper_stem, prefix_vowel, form56)
make_final_weak_verb(data, past_stem, ps_past_stem, nonpast_stem,
ps_nonpast_stem, imper_stem, past_endings_ay,
form56 and indic_endings_aa or indic_endings_ii,
form56 and subj_endings_aa or subj_endings_ii,
form56 and juss_endings_aa or juss_endings_ii,
form56 and impr_endings_aa or impr_endings_ii,
prefix_vowel)
end
-- generate finite parts of an augmented (form II+) sound or final-weak verb,
-- given the following:
--
-- DATA, ARGS = arguments from conjugation function
-- RAD3 = last radical; should be nil for final-weak verb
-- PAST_STEM_BASE = active past stem minus last syllable (= -al or -ā)
-- NONPAST_STEM_BASE = non-past stem minus last syllable (= -al/-il or -ā/-ī)
-- PS_PAST_STEM_BASE = passive past stem minus last syllable (= -il or -ī)
-- FORM -- form of verb (II to XV, Iq - IVq)
-- VN = verbal noun
function make_augmented_sound_final_weak_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, form)
insert_verbal_noun(data, args, vn)
local final_weak = rad3 == nil
local prefix_vowel = prefix_vowel_from_form(form)
local form56 = form_nonpast_a_vowel(form)
local a_base_suffix = final_weak and "" or A .. rad3
local i_base_suffix = final_weak and "" or I .. rad3
-- past and non-past stems, active and passive
local past_stem = past_stem_base .. a_base_suffix
-- In forms 5 and 6, non-past has /a/ as last stem vowel in the non-past
-- in both active and passive, but /i/ in the active participle and /a/
-- in the passive participle. Elsewhere, consistent /i/ in active non-past
-- and participle, consistent /a/ in passive non-past and participle.
-- Hence, forms 5 and 6 differ only in the non-past active (but not
-- active participle), so we have to split the finite non-past stem and
-- active participle stem.
local nonpast_stem = nonpast_stem_base ..
(form56 and a_base_suffix or i_base_suffix)
local ap_stem = nonpast_stem_base .. i_base_suffix
local ps_past_stem = ps_past_stem_base .. i_base_suffix
local ps_nonpast_stem = nonpast_stem_base .. a_base_suffix
-- imperative stem
local imper_stem = past_stem_base ..
(form56 and a_base_suffix or i_base_suffix)
-- make parts
if final_weak then
make_augmented_final_weak_verb(data, past_stem, ps_past_stem, nonpast_stem,
ps_nonpast_stem, imper_stem, prefix_vowel, form56)
else
make_sound_verb(data, past_stem, ps_past_stem, nonpast_stem,
ps_nonpast_stem, imper_stem, prefix_vowel)
end
-- active and passive participle
if final_weak then
insert_part(data, "ap", MU .. ap_stem .. IN)
insert_part(data, "pp", MU .. ps_nonpast_stem .. AN .. AMAQ)
else
insert_part(data, "ap", MU .. ap_stem .. UNS)
insert_part(data, "pp", MU .. ps_nonpast_stem .. UNS)
end
end
-- generate finite parts of a hollow or geminate verb from ten stems (vowel and
-- consonant stems for each of past and non-past, active and passive, plus
-- imperative) plus the prefix vowel in the active non-past ("a" or "u"), plus
-- a flag indicating if we are a geminate verb
function make_hollow_geminate_verb(data, past_v_stem, past_c_stem, ps_past_v_stem,
ps_past_c_stem, nonpast_v_stem, nonpast_c_stem, ps_nonpast_v_stem,
ps_nonpast_c_stem, imper_v_stem, imper_c_stem, prefix_vowel, geminate)
past_2stem_conj(data, "perf", past_v_stem, past_c_stem)
past_2stem_conj(data, "ps-perf", ps_past_v_stem, ps_past_c_stem)
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, "impf", prefix_vowel, nonpast_v_stem, nonpast_c_stem)
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, "subj", prefix_vowel, nonpast_v_stem, nonpast_c_stem)
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, "ps-impf", "u", ps_nonpast_v_stem, ps_nonpast_c_stem)
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, "ps-subj", "u", ps_nonpast_v_stem, ps_nonpast_c_stem)
if geminate then
jussive_gem_conj(data, "juss", prefix_vowel, nonpast_v_stem, nonpast_c_stem)
jussive_gem_conj(data, "ps-juss", "u", ps_nonpast_v_stem, ps_nonpast_c_stem)
make_gem_imperative(data, imper_v_stem, imper_c_stem)
else
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, "juss", prefix_vowel, nonpast_v_stem, nonpast_c_stem)
nonpast_2stem_conj(data, "ps-juss", "u", ps_nonpast_v_stem, ps_nonpast_c_stem)
make_2stem_imperative(data, imper_v_stem, imper_c_stem)
end
end
-- generate finite parts of an augmented (form II+) hollow verb,
-- given the following:
--
-- DATA, ARGS = arguments from conjugation function
-- RAD3 = last radical (after the hollowness)
-- PAST_STEM_BASE = invariable part of active past stem
-- NONPAST_STEM_BASE = invariable part of non-past stem
-- PS_PAST_STEM_BASE = invariable part of passive past stem
-- VN = verbal noun
-- FORM = the verb form ("IV", "VII", "VIII", "X")
function make_augmented_hollow_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, form)
insert_verbal_noun(data, args, vn)
local form410 = form == "IV" or form == "X"
local prefix_vowel = prefix_vowel_from_form(form)
local a_base_suffix_v, a_base_suffix_c
local i_base_suffix_v, i_base_suffix_c
a_base_suffix_v = AA .. rad3 -- 'af-āl-a, inf-āl-a
a_base_suffix_c = A .. rad3 -- 'af-al-tu, inf-al-tu
i_base_suffix_v = II .. rad3 -- 'uf-īl-a, unf-īl-a
i_base_suffix_c = I .. rad3 -- 'uf-il-tu, unf-il-tu
-- past and non-past stems, active and passive, for vowel-initial and
-- consonant-initial endings
local past_v_stem = past_stem_base .. a_base_suffix_v
local past_c_stem = past_stem_base .. a_base_suffix_c
-- yu-f-īl-u, ya-staf-īl-u but yanf-āl-u, yaft-āl-u
local nonpast_v_stem = nonpast_stem_base ..
(form410 and i_base_suffix_v or a_base_suffix_v)
local nonpast_c_stem = nonpast_stem_base ..
(form410 and i_base_suffix_c or a_base_suffix_c)
local ps_past_v_stem = ps_past_stem_base .. i_base_suffix_v
local ps_past_c_stem = ps_past_stem_base .. i_base_suffix_c
local ps_nonpast_v_stem = nonpast_stem_base .. a_base_suffix_v
local ps_nonpast_c_stem = nonpast_stem_base .. a_base_suffix_c
-- imperative stem
local imper_v_stem = past_stem_base ..
(form410 and i_base_suffix_v or a_base_suffix_v)
local imper_c_stem = past_stem_base ..
(form410 and i_base_suffix_c or a_base_suffix_c)
-- make parts
make_hollow_geminate_verb(data, past_v_stem, past_c_stem, ps_past_v_stem,
ps_past_c_stem, nonpast_v_stem, nonpast_c_stem, ps_nonpast_v_stem,
ps_nonpast_c_stem, imper_v_stem, imper_c_stem, prefix_vowel, false)
-- active participle
insert_part(data, "ap", MU .. nonpast_v_stem .. UNS)
-- passive participle
insert_part(data, "pp", MU .. ps_nonpast_v_stem .. UNS)
end
-- generate finite parts of an augmented (form II+) geminate verb,
-- given the following:
--
-- DATA, ARGS = arguments from conjugation function
-- RAD3 = last radical (the one that gets geminated)
-- PAST_STEM_BASE = invariable part of active past stem; this and the stem
-- bases below will end with a consonant for forms IV, X, IVq, and a
-- short vowel for the others
-- NONPAST_STEM_BASE = invariable part of non-past stem
-- PS_PAST_STEM_BASE = invariable part of passive past stem
-- VN = verbal noun
-- FORM = the verb form ("III", "IV", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X", "IVq")
function make_augmented_geminate_verb(data, args, rad3,
past_stem_base, nonpast_stem_base, ps_past_stem_base, vn, form)
insert_verbal_noun(data, args, vn)
local prefix_vowel = prefix_vowel_from_form(form)
local a_base_suffix_v, a_base_suffix_c
local i_base_suffix_v, i_base_suffix_c
if form == "IV" or form == "X" or form == "IVq" then
a_base_suffix_v = A .. rad3 .. SH -- 'af-all
a_base_suffix_c = SK .. rad3 .. A .. rad3 -- 'af-lal
i_base_suffix_v = I .. rad3 .. SH -- yuf-ill
i_base_suffix_c = SK .. rad3 .. I .. rad3 -- yuf-lil
else
a_base_suffix_v = rad3 .. SH -- fā-ll, infa-ll
a_base_suffix_c = rad3 .. A .. rad3 -- fā-lal, infa-lal
i_base_suffix_v = rad3 .. SH -- yufā-ll, yanfa-ll
i_base_suffix_c = rad3 .. I .. rad3 -- yufā-lil, yanfa-lil
end
-- past and non-past stems, active and passive, for vowel-initial and
-- consonant-initial endings
local past_v_stem = past_stem_base .. a_base_suffix_v
local past_c_stem = past_stem_base .. a_base_suffix_c
local nonpast_v_stem = nonpast_stem_base ..
(form_nonpast_a_vowel(form) and a_base_suffix_v or i_base_suffix_v)
local nonpast_c_stem = nonpast_stem_base ..
(form_nonpast_a_vowel(form) and a_base_suffix_c or i_base_suffix_c)
-- form III and VI passive past do not have contracted parts, only
-- uncontracted parts, which are added separately by those functions
local ps_past_v_stem = (form == "III" or form == "VI") and "-" or
ps_past_stem_base .. i_base_suffix_v
local ps_past_c_stem = ps_past_stem_base .. i_base_suffix_c
local ps_nonpast_v_stem = nonpast_stem_base .. a_base_suffix_v
local ps_nonpast_c_stem = nonpast_stem_base .. a_base_suffix_c
-- imperative stem
local imper_v_stem = past_stem_base ..
(form_nonpast_a_vowel(form) and a_base_suffix_v or i_base_suffix_v)
local imper_c_stem = past_stem_base ..
(form_nonpast_a_vowel(form) and a_base_suffix_c or i_base_suffix_c)
-- make parts
make_hollow_geminate_verb(data, past_v_stem, past_c_stem, ps_past_v_stem,
ps_past_c_stem, nonpast_v_stem, nonpast_c_stem, ps_nonpast_v_stem,
ps_nonpast_c_stem, imper_v_stem, imper_c_stem, prefix_vowel,
"geminate")
-- active participle
insert_part(data, "ap", MU .. nonpast_v_stem .. UNS)
-- passive participle
insert_part(data, "pp", MU .. ps_nonpast_v_stem .. UNS)
end
----------------------------------------
-- functions to create inflection tables
----------------------------------------
-- array of substitutions; each element is a 2-entry array FROM, TO; do it
-- this way so the concatenations only get evaluated once
local postprocess_subs = {
-- reorder short-vowel + shadda -> shadda + short-vowel for easier processing
{"(" .. AIU .. ")" .. SH, SH .. "%1"},
----------same letter separated by sukūn should instead use shadda---------
------------happens e.g. in kun-nā "we were".-----------------
{"(.)" .. SK .. "%1", "%1" .. SH},
---------------------------- assimilated verbs ----------------------------
-- iw, iy -> ī (assimilated verbs)
{I .. W .. SK, II},
{I .. Y .. SK, II},
-- uw, uy -> ū (assimilated verbs)
{U .. W .. SK, UU},
{U .. Y .. SK, UU},
-------------- final -yā uses tall alif not alif maqṣūra ------------------
{"(" .. Y .. SH .. "?" .. A .. ")" .. AMAQ, "%1" .. ALIF},
----------------------- handle hamza assimilation -------------------------
-- initial hamza + short-vowel + hamza + sukūn -> hamza + long vowel
{HAMZA .. A .. HAMZA .. SK, HAMZA .. A .. ALIF},
{HAMZA .. I .. HAMZA .. SK, HAMZA .. I .. Y},
{HAMZA .. U .. HAMZA .. SK, HAMZA .. U .. W}
}
-- Post-process verb parts to eliminate phonological anomalies. Many of the changes,
-- particularly the tricky ones, involve converting hamza to have the proper
-- seat. The rules for this are complicated and are documented on the
-- [[w:Hamza]] Wikipedia page. In some cases there are alternatives allowed,
-- and we handle them below by returning multiple possibilities.
function postprocess_term(term)
-- if term is regular hyphen/dash, ndash or mdash, return mdash
if term == "-" or term == "–" or term == "—" then
return {"—"} -- mdash
elseif term == "?" then
return {"?"}
end
-- do the main post-processing, based on the pattern substitutions in
-- postprocess_subs
for _, sub in ipairs(postprocess_subs) do
term = rsub(term, sub[1], sub[2])
end
if not rfind(term, HAMZA) then
return {term}
end
term = rsub(term, HAMZA, HAMZA_PH)
return ar_utilities.process_hamza(term)
end
-- For each paradigm part, postprocess the entries, remove duplicates and
-- return the set of Arabic and transliterated Latin entries as two return
-- values.
function get_spans(part)
if type(part) == "string" then
part = {part}
end
local part_nondup = {}
-- for each entry, postprocess it, which may potentially return
-- multiple entries; insert each into an array, checking and
-- omitting duplicates
for _, entry in ipairs(part) do
for _, e in ipairs(postprocess_term(entry)) do
insert_if_not(part_nondup, e)
end
end
-- convert each individual entry into Arabic and Latin span
local arabic_spans = {}
local latin_spans = {}
for _, entry in ipairs(part_nondup) do
table.insert(arabic_spans, entry)
if entry ~= "—" and entry ~= "?" then
-- multiple Arabic entries may map to the same Latin entry
-- (happens particularly with variant ways of spelling hamza)
insert_if_not(latin_spans, ar_translit.tr(entry, nil, nil, nil))
end
end
return arabic_spans, latin_spans
end
-- Make the conjugation table. Called from export.show().
function make_table(data, title, form, intrans)
local forms = data.forms
local arabic_spans_3sm_perf, _
if data.passive == "only" or data.passive == "only-impers" then
arabic_spans_3sm_perf, _ = get_spans(forms["3sm-ps-perf"])
else
arabic_spans_3sm_perf, _ = get_spans(forms["3sm-perf"])
end
-- convert Arabic terms to spans
for i, entry in ipairs(arabic_spans_3sm_perf) do
arabic_spans_3sm_perf[i] = "<b lang=\"ar\" class=\"Arab\">" .. entry .. "</b>"
end
-- concatenate spans
local part_3sm_perf = '<div style="display: inline-block">' ..
table.concat(arabic_spans_3sm_perf, " <small style=\"color: #888\">or</small> ") .. "</div>"
-- compute # of verbal nouns before we collapse them
local num_vns = type(forms["vn"]) == "table" and #forms["vn"] or 1
-- also extract list of verbal nouns and preceding text "verbal noun" or
-- "verbal nouns", for the conjugation table title
local vn_spans, _ = get_spans(forms["vn"])
-- convert verbal nouns to spans
for i, entry in ipairs(vn_spans) do
vn_spans[i] = '<span lang="ar" class="Arab" style="font-weight: normal">' .. entry .. '</span>'
end
local vn_list = #vn_spans == 0 and "?" or
table.concat(vn_spans, " <small style=\"color: #888\">or</small> ")
local vn_prefix = #vn_spans > 1 and "verbal nouns" or "verbal noun"
local vn_text = vn_prefix .. " " .. vn_list
-- construct conjugation table title
local title = 'Conjugation of ' .. part_3sm_perf
.. (form == "I" and " (" .. title .. ", " .. vn_text .. ")" or " (" .. title .. ")")
-- Format and add transliterations to all parts
for key, part in pairs(forms) do
-- check for empty array, size-one array holding a dash or ?
if #part > 0 then
local arabic_spans, latin_spans = get_spans(part)
-- convert Arabic terms to links
for i, entry in ipairs(arabic_spans) do
local id
if part.ids then
id = part.ids[i]
end
arabic_spans[i] = links(entry, nil, id)
end
for i, translit in ipairs(latin_spans) do
latin_spans[i] = require("Module:script utilities").tag_translit(translit, lang, "default")
end
-- concatenate spans
forms[key] = '<div style="display: inline-block">' .. table.concat(arabic_spans, " <small style=\"color: #888\">or</small> ") .. "</div>" .. "<br/>" ..
"<span style=\"color: #888\">" .. table.concat(latin_spans, " <small>or</small> ") .. "</span>"
-- if no verbal nouns, it's normally because they're unknown or
-- unspecified rather than non-existent. For an actually non-existent
-- verbal noun, put a hyphen or mdash explicitly as the value of the
-- paradigm part, and it will be handled appropriately (no attempt to
-- transliterate).
elseif key == "vn" then
forms[key] = "?"
else
forms[key] = "—"
end
end
local text = [=[<div class="NavFrame ar-conj">
<div class="NavHead" style="height:2.5em">]=] .. title .. [=[</div>
<div class="NavContent">
{| class="inflection-table"
|-
! colspan="6" class="nonfinite-header" | verbal noun]=] .. (num_vns > 1 and "s" or "") .. "<br />" .. tag_text(num_vns > 1 and "الْمَصَادِر" or "الْمَصْدَر") .. [=[
| colspan="7" | {{{vn}}}
]=]
if data.passive ~= "only" and data.passive ~= "only-impers" then
text = text .. [=[
|-
! colspan="6" class="nonfinite-header" | active participle<br />{{{اِسْم الْفَاعِل}}}
| colspan="7" | {{{ap}}}
]=]
end
if data.passive then
text = text .. [=[
|-
! colspan="6" class="nonfinite-header" | passive participle<br />{{{اِسْم الْمَفْعُول}}}
| colspan="7" | {{{pp}}}
]=]
end
if data.passive ~= "only" and data.passive ~= "only-impers" then
text = text .. [=[
|-
! colspan="12" class="voice-header" | active voice<br />{{{الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم}}}
|-
! colspan="2" class="empty-header" |
! colspan="3" class="number-header" | singular<br />{{{الْمُفْرَد}}}
! rowspan="12" class="divider" |
! colspan="2" class="number-header" | dual<br />{{{الْمُثَنَّى}}}
! rowspan="12" class="divider" |
! colspan="3" class="number-header" | plural<br />{{{الْجَمْع}}}
|-
! colspan="2" class="empty-header" |
! class="person-header" | 1<sup>st</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُتَكَلِّم}}}
! class="person-header" | 2<sup>nd</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُخَاطَب}}}
! class="person-header" | 3<sup>rd</sup> person<br />{{{الْغَائِب}}}
! class="person-header" | 2<sup>nd</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُخَاطَب}}}
! class="person-header" | 3<sup>rd</sup> person<br />{{{الْغَائِب}}}
! class="person-header" | 1<sup>st</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُتَكَلِّم}}}
! class="person-header" | 2<sup>nd</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُخَاطَب}}}
! class="person-header" | 3<sup>rd</sup> person<br />{{{الْغَائِب}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | past (perfect) indicative<br />{{{الْمَاضِي}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | {{{1s-perf}}}
| {{{2sm-perf}}}
| {{{3sm-perf}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{2d-perf}}}
| {{{3dm-perf}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{1p-perf}}}
| {{{2pm-perf}}}
| {{{3pm-perf}}}
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| {{{2sf-perf}}}
| {{{3sf-perf}}}
| {{{3df-perf}}}
| {{{2pf-perf}}}
| {{{3pf-perf}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | non-past (imperfect) indicative<br />{{{الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | {{{1s-impf}}}
| {{{2sm-impf}}}
| {{{3sm-impf}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{2d-impf}}}
| {{{3dm-impf}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{1p-impf}}}
| {{{2pm-impf}}}
| {{{3pm-impf}}}
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| {{{2sf-impf}}}
| {{{3sf-impf}}}
| {{{3df-impf}}}
| {{{2pf-impf}}}
| {{{3pf-impf}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | subjunctive<br />{{{الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | {{{1s-subj}}}
| {{{2sm-subj}}}
| {{{3sm-subj}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{2d-subj}}}
| {{{3dm-subj}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{1p-subj}}}
| {{{2pm-subj}}}
| {{{3pm-subj}}}
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| {{{2sf-subj}}}
| {{{3sf-subj}}}
| {{{3df-subj}}}
| {{{2pf-subj}}}
| {{{3pf-subj}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | jussive<br />{{{الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | {{{1s-juss}}}
| {{{2sm-juss}}}
| {{{3sm-juss}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{2d-juss}}}
| {{{3dm-juss}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{1p-juss}}}
| {{{2pm-juss}}}
| {{{3pm-juss}}}
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| {{{2sf-juss}}}
| {{{3sf-juss}}}
| {{{3df-juss}}}
| {{{2pf-juss}}}
| {{{3pf-juss}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | imperative<br />{{{الْأَمْر}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" |
| {{{2sm-impr}}}
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | {{{2d-impr}}}
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
| {{{2pm-impr}}}
| rowspan="2" |
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| {{{2sf-impr}}}
| {{{2pf-impr}}}
]=]
end
if data.passive == "impers" or data.passive == "only-impers" then
text = text .. [=[
|-
! colspan="12" class="voice-header" | passive voice<br />{{{الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول}}}
|-
| colspan="2" class="empty-header" |
! colspan="3" class="number-header" | singular<br />{{{الْمُفْرَد}}}
| rowspan="10" class="divider" |
! colspan="2" class="number-header" | dual<br />{{{الْمُثَنَّى}}}
| rowspan="10" class="divider" |
! colspan="3" class="number-header" | plural<br />{{{الْجَمْع}}}
|-
| colspan="2" class="empty-header" |
! class="person-header" | 1<sup>st</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُتَكَلِّم}}}
! class="person-header" | 2<sup>nd</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُخَاطَب}}}
! class="person-header" | 3<sup>rd</sup> person<br />{{{الْغَائِب}}}
! class="person-header" | 2<sup>nd</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُخَاطَب}}}
! class="person-header" | 3<sup>rd</sup> person<br />{{{الْغَائِب}}}
! class="person-header" | 1<sup>st</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُتَكَلِّم}}}
! class="person-header" | 2<sup>nd</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُخَاطَب}}}
! class="person-header" | 3<sup>rd</sup> person<br />{{{الْغَائِب}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | past (perfect) indicative<br />{{{الْمَاضِي}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| {{{3sm-ps-perf}}}
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| —
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | non-past (imperfect) indicative<br />{{{الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| {{{3sm-ps-impf}}}
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| —
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | subjunctive<br />{{{الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| {{{3sm-ps-subj}}}
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| —
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | jussive<br />{{{الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| {{{3sm-ps-juss}}}
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| rowspan="2" | —
| —
| —
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
]=]
elseif data.passive then
text = text .. [=[
|-
! colspan="12" class="voice-header" | passive voice<br />{{{الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول}}}
|-
| colspan="2" class="empty-header" |
! colspan="3" class="number-header" | singular<br />{{{الْمُفْرَد}}}
| rowspan="10" class="divider" |
! colspan="2" class="number-header" | dual<br />{{{الْمُثَنَّى}}}
| rowspan="10" class="divider" |
! colspan="3" class="number-header" | plural<br />{{{الْجَمْع}}}
|-
| colspan="2" class="empty-header" |
! class="person-header" | 1<sup>st</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُتَكَلِّم}}}
! class="person-header" | 2<sup>nd</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُخَاطَب}}}
! class="person-header" | 3<sup>rd</sup> person<br />{{{الْغَائِب}}}
! class="person-header" | 2<sup>nd</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُخَاطَب}}}
! class="person-header" | 3<sup>rd</sup> person<br />{{{الْغَائِب}}}
! class="person-header" | 1<sup>st</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُتَكَلِّم}}}
! class="person-header" | 2<sup>nd</sup> person<br />{{{الْمُخَاطَب}}}
! class="person-header" | 3<sup>rd</sup> person<br />{{{الْغَائِب}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | past (perfect) indicative<br />{{{الْمَاضِي}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | {{{1s-ps-perf}}}
| {{{2sm-ps-perf}}}
| {{{3sm-ps-perf}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{2d-ps-perf}}}
| {{{3dm-ps-perf}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{1p-ps-perf}}}
| {{{2pm-ps-perf}}}
| {{{3pm-ps-perf}}}
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| {{{2sf-ps-perf}}}
| {{{3sf-ps-perf}}}
| {{{3df-ps-perf}}}
| {{{2pf-ps-perf}}}
| {{{3pf-ps-perf}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | non-past (imperfect) indicative<br />{{{الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | {{{1s-ps-impf}}}
| {{{2sm-ps-impf}}}
| {{{3sm-ps-impf}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{2d-ps-impf}}}
| {{{3dm-ps-impf}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{1p-ps-impf}}}
| {{{2pm-ps-impf}}}
| {{{3pm-ps-impf}}}
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| {{{2sf-ps-impf}}}
| {{{3sf-ps-impf}}}
| {{{3df-ps-impf}}}
| {{{2pf-ps-impf}}}
| {{{3pf-ps-impf}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | subjunctive<br />{{{الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | {{{1s-ps-subj}}}
| {{{2sm-ps-subj}}}
| {{{3sm-ps-subj}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{2d-ps-subj}}}
| {{{3dm-ps-subj}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{1p-ps-subj}}}
| {{{2pm-ps-subj}}}
| {{{3pm-ps-subj}}}
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| {{{2sf-ps-subj}}}
| {{{3sf-ps-subj}}}
| {{{3df-ps-subj}}}
| {{{2pf-ps-subj}}}
| {{{3pf-ps-subj}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" class="tam-header" | jussive<br />{{{الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم}}}
! class="gender-header" | m
| rowspan="2" | {{{1s-ps-juss}}}
| {{{2sm-ps-juss}}}
| {{{3sm-ps-juss}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{2d-ps-juss}}}
| {{{3dm-ps-juss}}}
| rowspan="2" | {{{1p-ps-juss}}}
| {{{2pm-ps-juss}}}
| {{{3pm-ps-juss}}}
|-
! class="gender-header" | f
| {{{2sf-ps-juss}}}
| {{{3sf-ps-juss}}}
| {{{3df-ps-juss}}}
| {{{2pf-ps-juss}}}
| {{{3pf-ps-juss}}}
]=]
end
text = text .. [=[
|}
</div>
</div>]=]
-- Function used as replace arg of call to rsub(). Replace the
-- specified param with its (HTML) value. The param references appear
-- as {{{PARAM}}} in the wikicode. Also call tag_text on Arabic text
-- appearing as {{{ARABIC-TEXT}}}.
local function repl(param)
if rfind(param, "^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$") then
return data.forms[param]
else
return tag_text(param)
end
end
return rsub(text, "{{{([^{}]+)}}}", repl)
.. mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{
name = "templatestyles", args = { src = "Template:ar-conj/style.css" }
}
end
return export
