Wiktionary:Bahasa Jawa

Bahasa Jawa ialah salah satu bahasa di bawah keluarga bahasa-bahasa Austronesia yang berasal dari Pulau Jawa. Bahasa Jawa mempunyai pelbagai loghat dan laras bahasa.

Susun atur masukan

Yang berikut ialah susun atur asas untuk masukan perkataan bahasa Jawa:

==Bahasa Jawa==
===Takrifan===

===Alternative forms===
* Carakan: {{l|jv|ꦒꦼꦤꦶ}}
* Roman: {{i|archaic}} {{l|jv|agni}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|jv|kaw|gĕni||fire}}, borrowed from {{bor|jv|sa|अग्नि||fire}}.

===Noun===
{{jv-noun|n=geni|k=latu}}

# [[fire]]

===References===
* {{R:Poerwadarminta 1939}}

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Notes

• Only entries that fulfill the criteria for inclusion can be created.
• Alternative forms are supposed to contain spelling variations if possible in three scripts.
• Pronunciation may be entered in both phonemic (using / /) and phonetic form (using [ ]).
• Header templates such as {{jv-adj}}, {{jv-noun}}, and {{jv-verb}} can feature Javanese registers by putting certain parameters.

Specific considerations

Introduction

Javanese is one of the Austronesian languages, but it is not particularly close to other languages and is difficult to classify, as successor of Kawi language since 16 century. Javanese is native to central and east part of Java island. Javanese is used by traditional immigrant communities of Javanese descent in other part of Indonesia, in Malaysia, in Suriname (the Dutch colony of Surinam until 1975), in Sri Lanka and in New Caledonia.

Orthography/Spelling

Historically, Javanese was written in Carakan, Pégon, and Roman scripts. Javanese was written in Carakan or Hanacaraka especially during the time of Mataram dynasties. Many publications in Carakan were published during the colonial time. The usage of Carakan declined drastically in 20th century with the ban of regional language publications during the Japanese occupation in Java. Attempts to revive Carakan has grown in recent years. Pégon is an Arabic abjad designed to write Javanese. Its usage is limited to traditional Islamic boarding schools or pesantrèn. Each school has its own standard for writing in Pégon.

The introduction of the Roman alphabet for Javanese came along with European imperialists in Java. Practices of writing Javanese in the Roman alphabet has lasted for more than 100 years with its first orthography established in 1913. Until now, most Javanese write and read their language in the Roman alphabet, yet struggle to write and read in Carakan. Due to the latter, pre-independence Javanese books are massively transliterated into the Roman alphabet. Javanese dictionaries, school textbooks, magazines, and TV channels are thus written in the Roman alphabet.

Wiktionary may be used by learners who are and are not proficient in Javanese. Some Javanese learners may be only able to read and write in Roman without knowing a word in its standard form yet want to learn about it, while some others may want to learn a word in other spellings, including ones in Carakan and Pégon. Considering the mentioned situation, the latest Roman spelling standard, which is Ejaan Bahasa Jawa Huruf Latin Yang Disempurnakan (2006) and Bausastra Jawa, is used to determine for placing a word’s definition.

Roman/Latin orthographic reforms

1913	1929	1942	1955	1974 (January)	1974 (March)	1977	1991	2006
Jogja Sastra	Sriwedari	Karti Basa	Tatanan Njerat Basa Djawi (Rules for Writing Javanese)	Sarasehan Ejaan Bahasa Jawa (Workshop on Javanese Spelling)	Loka Karya Bahasa Daerah (Workshop on Regional Languages)	Pedoman Ejaan Bahasa Jawa yang Disempurnakan (Guidelines for Javanese Perfected Spelling)	Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Jawa yang Disempurnakan (General Guidelines for Javanese Perfected Spelling)	Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Jawa Huruf Latin yang Disempurnakan (General Guidelines for Javanese Perfected Spelling in Roman Alphabet)
Consonants
b	b	b	b	b	b	b	b	b
tj	tj	tj	tj	c	c	c	c	c
-	ch	ch	ch	-	-	-	kh	kh
d	d	d	d	d	d	d	d	d
ḍ	ḍ	ḍ	d	dh	dh	dh	dh	dh
-	dz	dz	dz	-	-	-	-	-
-	f	f	f	f	f	f	f	f
-	gh	gh	gh	-	-	-	-	-
g	g	g	g	g	g	g	g	g
h	h	h	h	h	h	h	h	h
dj	dj	dj	dj	j	j	j	j	j
k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k
l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l
m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n
-	-	-	-	-	-	ng	ng	ng
nj	nj	nj	nj	ny	ny	ny	ny	ny
p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p
-	-	q	q	q	q	q	q	q
r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	sy	sy
t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t
ṭ	ṭ	ṭ	t	th	th	th	th	th
-	-	-	-	v	v	v	v	v
w	w	w	w	w	w	w	w	w
-	-	-	-	x	x	x	-	-
j	j	j	j	y	y	y	y	y
-	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	z
Vowels
a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a
é	é	é	é	e	e	e	e1	é2
è	è	è	è
e	e	e	e	ê				e
i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i
o	o	o	o	o	o	o	o	o
oe	oe	oe	u	u	u	u	u	u
Notes: 1 The letter e with diacritic markers, i.e. é and è can only be used for elementary level education, school textbooks, dictionaries, and scientific works. 2 For certain purposes, è can be used to differentiate it with é.